2024-03-29T00:39:33Z
https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/oai
oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:02001958
2023-01-16T05:07:41Z
499:500:501
Myelin plasticity modulates neural circuitry required for learning and behavior
Kato, Daisuke
Wake, Hiroaki
open access
© 2021. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Behavior
Learning
Myelin plasticity
Myelination
Neural activity
Neural circuitry
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
Oligodendrocyte
Oligodendrocytes, which form the myelin sheaths that insulate axons, regulate conduction velocity. Myelinated axons make up the brain’s white matter and contribute to the efficiency of information processing by regulating the timing of neural activity. Traditionally, it has been thought that myelin is a static, inactive insulator around the axon. However, recent studies in humans using magnetic resonance imaging have shown that structural changes in the white matter occur during learning and training, suggesting that 1) white matter change depends on neural activity and 2) activity-dependent changes in white matter are essential for learning and behavior. Furthermore, suppression of oligodendrocytes and their progenitor cells leads to deficits in motor learning and remote fear memory consolidation, suggesting a causal relationship between glial function and the learning process. However, for technical reasons, it remains unclear how myelin-generating glia modulate neural circuitry and what underlying mechanisms they employ to affect learning and behavior. Recent advances in optical and genetic techniques have helped elucidate this mechanism. In this review, we highlight evidence that neural activities regulated by myelin plasticity play a pivotal role in learning and behavior and provide further insight into possible therapeutic targets for treating diseases accompanied by myelin impairment.
Elsevier
2022-06-01
2021-06
eng
journal article
AM
http://hdl.handle.net/2237/0002001958
https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2001958
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2020.12.005
0168-0102
Neuroscience Research
167
11
16
https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2001958/files/NEUROSCIENCE_RESEARCH_167_2021_11-16.pdf
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2022-06-01