{"created":"2021-03-01T06:17:05.475818+00:00","id":10275,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"536c1189-4376-45a2-b9a4-d41ef443561a"},"_deposit":{"id":"10275","owners":[],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"10275"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00010275","sets":["320:502:503"]},"author_link":["31152"],"item_10_biblio_info_6":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2008-09","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"29","bibliographicPageStart":"1","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"34th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2008)","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_10_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Until ten years ago, we looked at N-ISDN and SONET/SDH as the next step technologies on which to base the development of access and core networks, respectively; agreement was universal. The next step, IP convergence, is supported by the advent and penetration of IP, new technical developments including WDM and photonic network technologies, rapid advances in access technologies, and the emergence of IP-based control protocols such as MPLS and GMPLS; all provide powerful tools for creating the next generation networks. While IP convergence is well recognized among carriers and vendors, the key issues that they must consider include the divergence of architectures and technologies. The technology alternatives are extremely varied and this allows us to develop optimized networks that match each country's or region's and/or carrier's situation. Broadband access including ADSL and FTTH is now being rapidly adopted throughout the world and, as a result, traffic is continually increasing; around 50 % every year in North America and Japan. The number of FTTH subscribers exceeded ten million in Japan and two million in USA in 2007. In order to cope with the traffic increase, optical transmission and node technologies are being extensively developed. The maximum number of WDM wavelengths per fiber exceeds one hundred, and WDM transmission systems with a channel speed of 40 Gb/s are now being introduced in some countries. The key enabling technology that enhances node throughput while simultaneously reducing node cost, is the optical path technology that exploits wavelength routing. Wavelength routing using ROADMs has recently been introduced, and a large scale deployment is being conducted in North America and Japan. GMPLS controlled OXCs (Optical Cross-connects) have also been used to create nation-wide testbed networks. Video technologies including IP TV and high-definition and ultra-high-definition TV (more than 33M pixels) are advancing and further traffic expansion is expected in the near future. Future communication networks will become video-centric. Recent advances in video technologies, which include three-dimensional TV, are described. Cutting-edge applications including e-science, all of which need enormous bandwidth, have also been conceived. The inefficiencies of the TCP/IP protocol will become more and more tangible. The power consumption and throughput limitations of IP routers are expected to limit the scale of Internet expansion in terms of bandwidth and the number of users, and the approach of using only IP convergence will not be the best to creating future bandwidth abundant networks. The details, including the limits of IP routers and protocol bottleneck, are discussed from various viewpoints. One important direction that can resolve these problems is the enhancement of photonic networking technologies. In future networks the number of wavelength paths and hence optical node throughput must be greatly increased. The enhancement of optical path capabilities and the introduction of new protocols including fast optical circuit switching will play key roles. In realizing the networks needed, wavebands (bundles of optical paths) and hierarchical optical path cross-connects (HOXCs) will become basic technologies. The presentation will elucidate the merits and issues of introducing higher order optical paths. The introduction of wavebands will substantially reduce optical switch size at cross-connects, which mitigates one of the major barriers to the implementation of large throughput optical cross-connect systems. One of the obstacles, network design complexity, will be shown to be effectively resolved by a new optical path network design that introduces a traffic demand expression in a Cartesian product space. Some of the key component technologies of the HOXCs, a new waveband MUX/DEMUX, and a waveband selective switch (WBSS) have been developed. The hierarchical optical path network will be implemented in the not so distant future when traffic volumes warrant it.","subitem_description_language":"en","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10_identifier_60":{"attribute_name":"URI","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_type":"DOI","subitem_identifier_uri":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ECOC.2008.4729556"},{"subitem_identifier_type":"HDL","subitem_identifier_uri":"http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12095"}]},"item_10_publisher_32":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"IEEE","subitem_publisher_language":"en"}]},"item_10_relation_11":{"attribute_name":"DOI","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_relation_type":"isVersionOf","subitem_relation_type_id":{"subitem_relation_type_id_text":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECOC.2008.4729556","subitem_relation_type_select":"DOI"}}]},"item_10_rights_12":{"attribute_name":"権利","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_rights":"Copyright © 2008 IEEE. Reprinted from 34th European Conference on Optical Communication, 2008. ECOC 2008. p.1-29. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE does not in any way imply <br/>IEEE endorsement of any of Nagoya University’s products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for <br/>creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org.","subitem_rights_language":"en"}]},"item_10_select_15":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_select_item":"publisher"}]},"item_10_text_14":{"attribute_name":"フォーマット","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"application/pdf"}]},"item_1615787544753":{"attribute_name":"出版タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_access_right":{"attribute_name":"アクセス権","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_access_right":"open access","subitem_access_right_uri":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Sato, Ken-ichi","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"31152","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2018-02-20"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"We3A1.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"4.8 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"We3A1.pdf","objectType":"fulltext","url":"https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/10275/files/We3A1.pdf"},"version_id":"5d4b24fc-0c39-44ab-8332-6d96becb44f4"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"journal article","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"The future of optical networks","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"The future of optical networks","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10","owner":"1","path":["503"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2009-08-26"},"publish_date":"2009-08-26","publish_status":"0","recid":"10275","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["The future of optical networks"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-01-16T03:56:13.850825+00:00"}