@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00010315,
 author = {Esumi, Kazuya and Ohka, Masahiro and Sawamoto, Yasuhiro and Matsukawa, Shiho and Miyaoka, Tetsu},
 journal = {International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science (MHS 2008)},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {Our parallel typed two-axial actuator was composed of two bimorph piezoelectric elements and two small links connected by three joints. We formulated kinematics for the parallel typed two-axial actuator because the endpoint is controlled in the two-dimensional coordinate. Since relationship between applied voltage and  displacement cause by the voltage shows a hysteresis loop in the bimorph piezoelectric element used as components of the two-axial actuator, we produce a control system for the two-axial actuator based on a multi-layered artificial neural network to compensate the hysteresis. The neural network is comprised of 4  neurons in the input layer, 10 neurons in the hidden layer and ones neuron in the output layer.  The output neuron emits time derivative of voltage; two bits signal expressing increment or decrement condition is generated by two input neurons; one of the other two input neurons and the other calculate current values of voltage and displacement, respectively. In the learning process, the network learns the hysteresis including minor loops. In the verification test, the endpoint of the two-axial actuator traces  the desired circular trajectory in the two-dimensional coordinate system. After learning hysteresis loops including minor loops, the neural network simulates these hysteresis phenomena with very high accuracy.},
 pages = {255--260},
 title = {Improvement of a Parallel Type Two-axial Actuator Controlled by a Multi-layered Neural Network},
 year = {2008}
}