@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00012652,
 author = {葉山, アツコ and HAYAMA, Atsuko},
 journal = {国際開発研究フォーラム, Forum of International Development Studies},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Over some 30 years, the Philippine forestry sector has been intervened by ample foreign assisted development projects. This paper examines, based on the argument of 'development as a discourse' by Escobar, the mechanism of how the Philippine forestry planning and administration becomes heavily dependent on donors' development aid and intervention. Certain forms of knowledge and power construct this mechanism, where poverty is the object of a problematization to make such interventions justifiable and inevitable. The Philippine uplands have long been described as a space where a vicious circle of poverty, population increase and environmental degradation continues, thus justifying development intervention. Once development as a discourse is established, its self-movement starts, where one intervention of development aid keeps leading to another. The continuation of development intervention to the Philippine forest sector over 30 years eventually results to malfunction of policymaking and administrative abilities of the forestry governance. Even the country's forestry master plan is prepared by the assistance of foreign donors and experts. Planning aims to standardize diversified social and cultural realities based on the viewpoint of experts. Community-based Forest Management (CBFM) Program, the Philippines' main forestry policy to manage the forest lands, is also based on the standardized plan in spite of the fact that local communities are in social and cultural diversified circumstances. Failures of local communities to exercise the CBFM plan is regarded not as a malfunction of the plan but as a result of lack of development intervention. This leads to the continuation of donor's intervention to the Philippine forestry sector, thus helps themselves to self-maintain.},
 pages = {1--15},
 title = {開発援助を必然とする開発空間の形成 : フィリピンの森林行政を事例に},
 volume = {40},
 year = {2011}
}