{"created":"2021-03-01T06:22:19.123344+00:00","id":15153,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"8cc720f8-56e8-46e0-8a40-7a24f2f37147"},"_deposit":{"id":"15153","owners":[],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"15153"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00015153","sets":["323:350:1286:1290"]},"author_link":["46468","46469"],"item_1615768549627":{"attribute_name":"出版タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_9_alternative_title_19":{"attribute_name":"その他のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"Required System and Elective System of School : Subjects in Contemporary Japanese School","subitem_alternative_title_language":"en"}]},"item_9_biblio_info_6":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1989-03-31","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"223","bibliographicPageStart":"209","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"35","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"名古屋大学教育学部紀要. 教育学科","bibliographic_titleLang":"ja"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"A purpose of this study is to make it clear that previous studies have not clarified the meaning and function of elective subjects in school program. Another purpose is to show the various form of elective and required subjects and to clarify the characteristics and discuss the problems of this system. The Contents are as follows. 1. Required and Elective System - prescription of the course of study (issued by Minister of Education) and its actualities The course of study (COS) prescribes three forms of required subjects according to the category of students, e.g. programs they follow, their sexes. They are; a) subjects required for all students, b) subjects required for students in paticular departments in upper secondary school (USS), c) subjects required for sex, e.g. General Home Economics for giris in USS. Some subjects, Music, Fine Art, Physical education and Health, and Industrial Arts and Home Economics in lower secondary school (LSS), have both of elective and required division. It is not students but school that determine the subjects students would take among the elective subjects listed in COS. Schools can arrange four ways of taking these elective subjects, a) to prescribe these subjects as required for students in the same school, b) to prescribe them as required for some students in the same department in a certain USSs, c) to make or allow students to elect one or more subjects among a group of subjects offered by schools. Some subjects have options of elective fields, although there are required subjects. For example, Industrial Arts and Home Economics in LSS. Scholls prescribe the field students should follow according to sexes. 2. Elective System in LSS Foreign Language has been elective subject since establishment of LSS in the postwar educational reform. Between 1974 and 1950, election by school was permitted, but choice of students was respected. In 1950's, role of schools is to decide subjects offerd became lager. COS issued in 1958 and 1969 emphasize election according to students' abilities, aptitudes, further schooling, career and sex, not respecting their individualities. COS issued in 1977 requested schools to offer option of Music, Fine Art, Physical education and Health, Industrial Arts and Home Economics, addition to Foreign Language in 9th grade. 3. Elective System in USS There are three types of elective systems from standpoint of students, e.g. a) make choise of department at the entrance of USS, b) election of course (college preparatory, terminal ect.), c) studens' own election among subjects offered as elective ones offered by school. There are somewhat complicated problems concerning articulation with universities and colleges. For example, it is pretty difficult for students in vocational programs, e.g. technical, commercial, agricultural to pass the entrance examination of higher institutions of learning. After COS issued in 1956, the trend of making \"course\", e.g. \"college preparatory\", \"terminal\" in general department of USS, has become apparent. And 70% of USSs are adopting such a system. 4. Conclusion It is necessary to make distinction between systems prescribed by COS and their actuality in each school, when we discuss the meaning, function and place of required and elective subject in school program. Having failed to take an account of this point, previous studies could not define the elective system properly. Many previous studies define that principal characteristics of elective system is to give students possibility of choice subjects. They miss the important fact that possibility of students' own choices in much restricted in each school.","subitem_description_language":"en","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_60":{"attribute_name":"URI","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_type":"HDL","subitem_identifier_uri":"http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17167"}]},"item_9_publisher_32":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"名古屋大学教育学部","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"}]},"item_9_select_15":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_select_item":"publisher"}]},"item_9_source_id_7":{"attribute_name":"ISSN（print）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0465-7748","subitem_source_identifier_type":"PISSN"}]},"item_access_right":{"attribute_name":"アクセス権","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_access_right":"open access","subitem_access_right_uri":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"佐々木, 享","creatorNameLang":"ja"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"46468","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"SASAKI, Susumu","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"46469","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2018-02-20"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"495.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"2.3 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"495.pdf","objectType":"fulltext","url":"https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/15153/files/495.pdf"},"version_id":"f31db5ec-aecd-441d-b40b-27ff10610fad"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"必修制、選択制について","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"必修制、選択制について","subitem_title_language":"ja"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"1","path":["1290"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2012-12-26"},"publish_date":"2012-12-26","publish_status":"0","recid":"15153","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["必修制、選択制について"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-01-16T04:33:27.050372+00:00"}