@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00015298,
 author = {AOKI, KUNIO and OHNO, YOSHIYUKI and TAKEUCHI, TOSHIHIRO and OKADA, HIROSHI},
 issue = {1-2},
 journal = {Nagoya Journal of Medical Science},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {The subjects analysed in the present study were 41 ,835 total births in Nagoya in 1965, consisting of 41,028 live births and 807 la te stillbirths. Among the stillbirths 42 babies were the malformed and of 644 deaths in the subsequent four years 96 deaths with malformations were identified. Average linking rate of death and live birth certificates was 96.1 percent. The incidences of congenital malformations per 1,000 births were 3.30 in total births, 2.34 in live births and 52.04 in late stillbirths. Those in the cardiovascular system were 1.20 in total births, 1.17 in live births and 2.48 in late stillbirths. The corresponding figures were 0.93, 0.34 and 30.98 in the central system and 0.69, 0.56 and 7.43 in the alimentary system, respectively. Significantly greater relative risks were observed with shorter gestational period, lower birth weight and higher birth order. They were also noted in older working mothers with heavy physical loads, twin births and illegitimate births. Analyses by major anatomical system revealed significantly greater relative risks with shorter gestational period in the cardiovascular, central nervous and alimentary systems, with lower birth weight in the cardiovascular system and with higher birth order in the central nervous system. Paternal age and parental age difference exerted insignificant effects on malformations, though an increasing tendency of risk with advancing paternal age and with wider parental age difference was interestingly noted in the malformations of the central nervous system.},
 pages = {43--66},
 title = {An Epidemiologic Study on Congenital Malformations in Nagoya},
 volume = {38},
 year = {1975}
}