@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00015364, author = {OHNO, YOSHIYUKI and AOKI, KUNIO}, issue = {1-2}, journal = {Nagoya Journal of Medical Science}, month = {Nov}, note = {To evaluate the epidemiological features and etiological backgrounds of bladder cancer, we examined. the mortality statistics (l968/69~1974/75) for 26 populations in the world. Major findings are virtually unchanged age-adjusted mortality rates in the majority of countries, moderate male predominance over years and over countries, relatively younger deaths in Balkan States and Asian countries than in most European and Oceanian countries, very similar increase gradient of age specific death rates irrespective of the mortality levels, and almost identical risks for bladder cancer deaths in the birth cohorts born after around 1900. The countries with high mortality in both sexes are characterized by more aged population, manufacturing, recently moderate industrialization, high energy consumption, and less frequent deaths from infective and parasitic deseases; in contrast, the countries with low mortality in both sexes by less aged population, agriculture, recently remarkable industrialization, low energy consumption, and more frequent deaths from infective and parasitic diseases. Possible determinants for the international variation in the mortality and universal male predominance in bladder cancer are discussed. Suggested by the present analysis are the etiological roles of both environmental factors and host predisposition, and the equilibrium of the host-environmental interactions in bladder cancer deaths.}, pages = {41--64}, title = {Epidemiology of Urinary Bladder Cancer: International Variation in Mortality}, volume = {43}, year = {1980} }