{"created":"2021-03-01T06:22:47.808947+00:00","id":15597,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"53915e97-5ebd-4f05-9797-c95a65de56b9"},"_deposit":{"created_by":17,"id":"15597","owners":[17],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"15597"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00015597","sets":["886:887:888:1469"]},"author_link":["47540","47541"],"item_1615768549627":{"attribute_name":"出版タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_9_alternative_title_19":{"attribute_name":"その他のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"Rice Production in Africa : A Key to Promoting the Sub-Saharan Africa Food Security","subitem_alternative_title_language":"en"}]},"item_9_biblio_info_6":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2010-02","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"55","bibliographicPageStart":"3","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"8","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"農学国際協力","bibliographic_titleLang":"ja"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"アフリカ全体そしてケニアにおいて、農村住民の60%以上が貧困であると言われている。貧困は通常、健康不良と栄養失調として現れる。深刻な食糧不足に加えエイズの流行が多くの農村地域の状況をさらに悪化させている。アフリカ稲(Oryza glabberima)とアジア稲(Oryza sativa)の交配種であるNew Rice for Africa (NERICA)の利用は貧困を削減する方策の一つとして期待されている。西ケニアで実施されたNERICA品種の適応性試験では、１ヘクタール当り5トン以上の収量が示され、ケニア国内の水稲の収量を上回った。マセノ大学、アルペ研究センター、およびSACRED-Africa(ブンゴマ)の適応性試験圃場で開催された農民の見学会で農民がこれを目にしてその事実に気づき、自分達の農地でNERICAを栽培したいと種子に対する要望が上がった｡このことから､西ケニアで今後NERICA種子の需要が増えることが予想され､種子提供システムを整える必要性があると言える。NERlCAには実際3,000以上の品種があるが、南アフリカでは現在、約25品種しか利用されていない。ケニアで入手できるNERICAはわずか20品種であり、西ケニアの農地で適応性があると判明しているのはそのうちわずか6品種である。これらの推奨品種には共通する栽培特性があり、アフリカ大陸の厳しい環境条件下で長年にわたり進化してきたアフリカ稲品種の特性を持つNERLCAは、水不足や病虫害などのストレスに対する耐性が優れている。NERlCAは親品種のいずれよりも収量が高い。1穂粒数は、Oryzaglaberrimaが約100粒、Oryza sativaが約250粒である一方、NERICAの1穂粒数は約400粒と多く、これが高い収量をもたらしていると思われる。また、NERICAのタンパク質含量は10～12%で、親品種の約8～10%を上回る｡コメはアジアで最もよく知られている穀物であり、世界人口の半分以上が数世紀にわたり食べ続けてきている。1980年代にアジアで起こった緑の革命は、コメ研究の成功に拠るところが大きく､その研究は現在も続いている.この事実は、アフリカの食糧事情を解決する方策を探るうえで刺激となるものである。1991年から数年を経て、NERICAは食糧保障および換金作物として西アフリカでよく知られるようになり、多くの農民女性グループがNERICA を主要穀物作物として栽培するようになった。食料生産と現金経済の観点から、NERlCAが果たす役割は非常に大きいと考えられる。これらのことを踏まえて今回の発表では､サハラ以南アフリカの作物生産に影響を与える重要項目について述べる。また、その影響下にある人々に寄与するために、それらの課題をどのように推進していくべきかについても述べる。研究によって解決策を探るという観点から、研究グループが早急に注目すべき課題に次のようなものがある。耐旱性、肥料の利用効率、雑草管理、保証種子の生産、過去の降雨パターンのコンピュータ解析、病害虫管理、間作･輪作システム、水稲用NERICA 品種、ポストハーベスト加工、付加価値付与･精米･マーケティング戦略、女性農民による土地所有、低金利融資など。","subitem_description_language":"ja","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"High poverty levels of over 60% have been reported in rural communities in Africa in general and in Kenya in particular. Poverty levels normally manifest themselves in poor health and malnutrition. There are high levels of household food insecurity and in most rural areas the situation is aggravated by the prevalence of HIV/AIDS. Some of the strategies that could contribute to poverty alleviation, food security and wealth creation have not been given due attention. These strategies include the use of NEw RIce for AfriCA, code named NERICA, which was developed by crossing the African rice (Oryza glabberima) and the Asian rice (Oryza sativa). Adaptability trials for the NERICA varieties in Western Kenya showed a yield potential of over 5 tons per hectare which is higher than the yields obtained in Kenya for irrigated rice. Farmers field days conducted at Maseno University, Alupe Research Center and SACRED-Africa in Bungoma adaptability trials sites have created awareness to the rural farmers and they have put in request for seeds of NERICA varieties to try on their farms. This implies that, there is demand for seed and therefore a need to set up seed support systems for NERICA in Western Kenya as the demand is anticipated to rise. NERICA is not just one cultivar, but there are actually over 3,000 different NERICA varieties, although farmers in West Africa currently are using only about 25 cultivars. In Kenya only about 20 cultivars are available out of which 6 varieties have been identified as promising in Western Kenya agro-ecological region. The preferred varieties share some common features of the rice growth cultures. Reflecting the characteristics of African rice varieties that have evolved over centuries in the continent’s difficult environmental conditions, NERICA is very hardy, resistant to stresses such as water deficit, common rice diseases and pests. NERICA produces significantly higher grain yields than the two parent varieties. Each panicle of the Oryza glaberrima has about 100 grains and each panicle of Oryza sativa has 250. But NERICAs’ panicles hold an average of 400 grains and this explains the high harvest observed. Each grain of NERICA has more protein than either of the parents: while the parents have a protein content of about 8-10 per cent, NERICA can reach 10-12 per cent. Rice is a cereal crop best known in Asia and has fed well over half of the world’s population for centuries. The success of the crop research led to the green revolution in Asia in the 1980’s and is still strong. This can provide an incentive in finding a better solution for the African problem. Over the years from 1991 NERICA has become a household name in West Africa in terms of food security and cash crop in the region. Many women group farmers have adopted NERICA as their main cereal crop. The role NERICA plays in food production and cash economy cannot be over emphasized. This presentation is therefore, aimed at addressing the pertinent issues that affect the crop production in Sub-Saharan Africa and how it can be accelerated for the benefit of the affected population. Some of the factors which require urgent attention by scientific community in terms of solution exploration through research are: drought tolerance; nutrient use efficiency; weed control; production of certified seeds; computation of historical rainfall pattern; pests and diseases control; inter- and relay cropping systems; development of lowland NERICA varieties and buffer crops; post-harvest processing; value addition, milling and marketing strategies; land ownership by women farmers and availability of low interest credit facilities, among others.","subitem_description_language":"en","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_description_5":{"attribute_name":"内容記述","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"The proceedings included herein are the papers presented in the Seventh ICCAE Open Forum held in October 20th, 2006 at Nagoya University, Japan.","subitem_description_language":"en","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_9_identifier_60":{"attribute_name":"URI","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_type":"HDL","subitem_identifier_uri":"http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17616"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.18999/jouica.8.3","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_32":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"名古屋大学農学国際教育協力研究センター","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"}]},"item_9_select_15":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_select_item":"publisher"}]},"item_9_source_id_7":{"attribute_name":"ISSN（print）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"1347-5096","subitem_source_identifier_type":"PISSN"}]},"item_access_right":{"attribute_name":"アクセス権","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_access_right":"open access","subitem_access_right_uri":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"オニャンゴ, ジョン・C","creatorNameLang":"ja"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"47540","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Onyango, John C.","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"47541","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2018-02-20"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"3_body8.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"9.1 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"3_body8.pdf","objectType":"fulltext","url":"https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/15597/files/3_body8.pdf"},"version_id":"b4aab412-584c-452a-9769-6c1d60083893"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"アフリカにおける米の生産 : サハラ以南アフリカの食料安全保障を強化するためのキー","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"アフリカにおける米の生産 : サハラ以南アフリカの食料安全保障を強化するためのキー","subitem_title_language":"ja"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"17","path":["1469"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2013-03-04"},"publish_date":"2013-03-04","publish_status":"0","recid":"15597","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["アフリカにおける米の生産 : サハラ以南アフリカの食料安全保障を強化するためのキー"],"weko_creator_id":"17","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-11-13T02:59:30.441377+00:00"}