@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00015603,
 author = {神代, 隆 and Kumashiro, Takashi},
 journal = {農学国際協力},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {独立行政法人国際農林水産業研究センター(JIRCAS)は､世界､とりわけ発展途上地域の安定的な食糧生産に農業研究を通じて貢献することをミッションに掲げている｡発展途上地域では干ばつ等により農業生産が脅かされる機会が増加しており､干ばつなどの環境ストレス耐性を重要な目標として研究を推進している｡JIRCASは日本政府と国連開発計画による｢アフリカ･アジア共同研究:アフリカ･アジア稲の品種交配研究プロジェクト｣に1998年から参画し､西アフリカ稲開発協会(WARDA)に研究者を派遣してきた｡ここでは､アフリカのイネ品種の改良に関連してJIRCASで進行中の研究課題について紹介する｡WARDAで開発されたNERICAは現在アフリカ各地への普及が図られている段階であるが､普及には､純正な種子が大量に準備されていることが前提となる｡NERICAの種子増殖体系をアフリカで構築するためにJIRCAS所属のJICA専門家である池田氏がBeninのWARDAで育種家種子から原々種の生産方法の体系化に取り組んでいる｡育種家種子の評価中にいくつかのNERICAでは種子の均一性が担保されていないことが明らかとなり､種子増殖体系確立とともに育種家種子からの純系選抜をも併行して進めている｡乾燥､冠水はアフリカのイネ栽培では大きな制限要因であり､これらに耐性を示すイネ遺伝資源の選抜を行うためにJIRCASは2人の研究者をWARDAおよびIRAG(ギニア)に派遣している｡この研究の目的は耐性を示す遺伝資源の選定と､耐性に関連するDNAマーカーの獲得であり､両者は､耐性品種を育成する際の有力なツールとなる｡環境ストレス耐性の分子的機構の解明に関する研究により､種々の環境ストレスに対して耐性を示す遺伝子を単離した｡現在､この遺伝子を国際農業研究機関と共同で各種作物に導入中であるが､このたび､JIRCAS独自の研究課題としてこの遺伝子をNERICAに導入するプロジェクトを開始した｡これらの研究活動を通じて､すでに育成されたNERICA､あるいは将来開発される環境ストレス耐性品種がアフリカ各地で栽培され､食糧の安定化に繋がることを期待している｡, Holding its mission to contribute to global agriculture, especially in developing regions, through research in agricultural sciences, JIRCAS has been conducting many research activities in various areas of agriculture. Among traits needed for such regions, JIRCAS has been placing its top priority in abiotic stress tolerance in a number of crops. Since 1998, JIRCAS has dispatched its scientists to Africa Rice Center (WARDA), as a member of Collaborative Projects of Africa/Asia Joint Research on Interspecific Hybridization between African and Asian Rice Species supported by Japanese Government and UNDP. In this article, our on-going research activities dealing with improvement of rice varieties in Africa will be introduced. NERICA (New Rice for Africa) developed by WARDA is now in the phase of dissemination to various cultivation regions in Africa. One of the pre-requisites for dissemination of new varieties is availability of ample amount of certified seeds. Dr. Ikeda who is a specialist of JICA and a member of JIRCAS has been establishing a seed propagation system for NERICA in WARDA at Benin. During a course of evaluation of each variety, some of NERICA varieties have been found to be not always homogeneous in the breeder seeds, which will cause serious problems in practical cultivation. Therefore, along with developing the seed propagation system, selection for pure lines has to be pursued. Two scientists of JIRCAS have been conducting collaborative research on drought tolerance and submergence tolerance of rice with WARDA (Nigeria) and Institut de Recherche Agronomique de Guinee (IRAG). Wide ranges of rice germplasm including Oryza glaberrima have been subjected to evaluation for tolerance of drought or submergence. As one of the indicators of drought tolerance, rooting depth is used. Goals of these projects are 1) identification of germplasm with the tolerance, and 2) acquisition of DNA markers linked to such tolerance, both of which can be a powerful tool in breeding programs targeting for drought and submergence tolerance of rice varieties in Africa. As results of extensive molecular work on stress tolerance, JIRCAS has identified DREB (dehydration responsive element binding protein) genes which confer tolerance to abiotic stresses including drought, high salinity and low temperature. JIRCAS is collaborating with a number of International Agriculture Research Institutes to develop abiotic stress tolerant varieties. Recently, JIRCAS has initiated its internal project to develop drought tolerant NERICA by introducing these genes. Through these research activities, both conventional and biotechnological, JIRCAS is hoping that the existing NERICA as well as new stress tolerant varieties to be developed would contribute towards increased rice acreage in Africa., The proceedings included herein are the papers presented in the Seventh ICCAE Open Forum held in October 20th, 2006 at Nagoya University, Japan.},
 pages = {237--245},
 title = {アフリカ向けイネ品種の改良を目指したJIRCASでの研究開発},
 volume = {8},
 year = {2010}
}