@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00015606,
 author = {伊藤, 道夫 and Ito, Michio},
 journal = {農学国際協力},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {SAA は､サブサハラ･アフリカ諸国の､主に天水農業を営む小規模農民の食糧穀物の生産性の向上を支援するために活動する国際NGOである｡プロジェクト対象国の公共の研究･普及機関を通じて､SAA は､優良な穀物生産性向上のための技術があれば､小規模農民は現状の農産技術と比べて､食糧穀物の収量を2-3倍に増やすことが可能であることを示してきた｡ここでは､当会がギニアとウガンダで行ってきたNERICAの普及活動の経験を検証し､学んだ教訓を将来に活かすこととしたい｡ギニアNERICAとの関わりは､1998年からWARDAの「農民参加型品種選択法｣(PVS)への支援をすることから始まった｡プロジェクト参加農民への実際の技術移転活動は2000年からで､2004年までに､0.25-0.5haの広さのNERICA技術移転の圃場を1万箇以上実施し､適量の施肥と近代的農法を応用することによって､陸地条件で平均3.Ot/haの収量を得てきた｡農業省によれば､1996年には30万トンの米の輸入量があったが､2004年には5万トンにまで減少したとのことである｡SG2000としての活動は2004年末で終了したが､NERICAを中心とした稲の普及活動への部分的支援は農業省内のリエゾン･オフィスを通じて現在も続いており､UNDPやアフリカ開発銀行の援助を受けて､ギニア政府はNERICAの技術普及を全国で続けている｡ウガンダウガンダは長年に渡り､全人口を養うに十分な多彩な食糧を生産してきた｡しかし最近までは､低収量と高い労働コストのため､稲作は盛んでなく､公的な関心もこの国では低かった｡SAAは2001-2002年に､ギニアから入手した数品種のNERICAの栽培試験を行った｡その後､稲作は栽培環境が適した小規模農家の間に急速に広まった｡NERICAはこの国ではNARIC3およびSUPARICA2の名で流通しており､SAAの参加農民は水成土壌条件下で平均4.5t/haの収量を得ている｡多くの農民が子供の教育費や生活必需品の購入のための換金作物として､稲を栽培しているのがこの国での特徴である｡国の農業近代化計画(PMA)では､NERICA を食糧保障と同時に､零細農業から市場志向の科学農業へと変換させる所得創出のための戦略穀物として精力的に推奨している｡その他の国々SAA はエチオピアとマリにおいてもNERTCA を含む稲の研究･普及活動を実施しており､陸稲､潅概稲共に有望な成果が見えている｡教訓ギニア､ウガンダの農民はそれぞれ独自の違った理由でNERICAを選択している｡NERICAには貧困削減の可能性がある｡しかしサブサハラ･アフリカ全体の食糧保障を達成するには､トウモロコシ､ミレット､ソルガム､小麦､根菜などの全ての穀物を改良する努力が必要である｡NERICA と米だけではアフリカ大陸を食べさせることはできないのだ｡, SAA is an international NGO that assists small-scale farmers in sub-Saharan countries to increase their staple food crop production mainly under rain-fed conditions. Working with and through public research and extension organisations, SAA proves that, given access to improved crop production enhancing technology, small-scale farmers are able to double or triple their staple food crop yields compared to conventional farming practices. Today, our experience in NERICA technology demonstration in Guinea and Uganda will be elaborated and lessons learnt for the future will be discussed here. Guinea: SAA involvement started from 1998 through support of Participatory Varietal Selection (PVS) in association with WARDA. Actual technology transfer demonstration with participating farmers started from the year 2000 and up to the cropping season of 2004, SAA conducted more than 10,000 NERICA technology demonstration packages (0.25-0.5ha) and obtained average yield of 3.0t/ha with upland condition, applying adequate fertilizers and modern agronomic practice. According to the national ministry, rice import was down from 300,000MT in 1996 to less than 50,000MT in 2004. Although the project activities of SG 2000 officially came to a conclusion at the end of 2004, minor support to NERICA related activities are still continuing through the liaison office at the ministry of agriculture and such international organizations such as UNDP and AFDB assist the effort of Guinean government to disseminate NERICA technology throughout the country. Uganda: Uganda has been producing a wide selection of food enough to feed its populace for many years. But up to recently, due to low yields and high labour cost, rice farming was not popular and public involvement was least in this country. During 2000-2001 cropping season, SAA tested a number of NERICA varieties imported from Guinea. Since then, rice farming has rapidly spread among small-scale farmers where agro-ecological environments were suitable for rice cultivation. NERICA varieties here are traded in the name of NARIC 3 and SUPARICA 2, and SAA participating farmers gain average yield of 4.5t/ha under hydromorphic condition. One notable characteristic of this country is that most farmers grow rice as a cash crop to generate additional income to pay school fees, purchase household essentials, etc. The country’s Plan for Modernization of Agriculture (PMA) vigorously promotes NERICA as a strategic crop for food security as well as for income generation to transform subsistence one to a market-oriented science based agriculture. Other countries: SAA is conducting research and extension activities of various rice varieties including NERICA especially in Ethiopia and Mali. In both upland and irrigated conditions, the positive result has been visible. Lessons learnt: Farmers in Guinea and Uganda select NERICA for their own different reasons. NERICA has potential to alleviate poverty, but to achieve overall food security in Sub-Saharan Africa, efforts should be made to improve all other major crops such as maize, millet, sorghum, wheat, and tubers. NERICA and rice alone cannot feed the African continent., The proceedings included herein are the papers presented in the Seventh ICCAE Open Forum held in October 20th, 2006 at Nagoya University, Japan.},
 pages = {265--286},
 title = {ギニアとウガンダにおけるネリカ稲普及活動 : 笹川グローバル2000の経験から},
 volume = {8},
 year = {2010}
}