@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00018027, author = {Oram, Jonathan}, journal = {CALE Discussion Paper}, month = {Aug}, note = {This thesis looks at the current state of privacy and surveillance in Japan and England and asks if Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is being used appropriately and effectively. The thesis considers cultural, societal and historical factors in Japan and England that have influenced public perception, legislation and practice concerning privacy and surveillance. Research for this study includes interviews with Japanese and English police and archival material in English and Japanese. The research indicates that CCTV is effective when used in conjunction with other measures and when there is a clear purpose but does not achieve the aim of preventing crime. The thesis makes recommendations to improve surveillance practice while protecting the balance between security and privacy.}, pages = {1--168}, title = {BALANCING SURVEILLANCE BETWEEN NEEDS OF PRIVACY AND SECURITY: CCTV IN JAPAN AND ENGLAND}, volume = {6}, year = {2011} }