@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00019691,
 author = {金原, 淳 and KIMPARA, Atsushi},
 issue = {1-2},
 journal = {空電研究所報告},
 month = {May},
 note = {The author made observation of the waveform of atmospherics from 1940 to 1944 for the first time, and defined leader stroke type, return streamer type, multiple stroke type, discharge among clouds type and reflection echo type, and made some remarks on them. Since that time he published several papers on the wave-form fragmentally. This paper is the summary of the study on the waveform from 1940 to 1956, especially from 1955 to 1956. The waveform is classified into two groups, i.e. the one in the daytime and the other at night. The waveform in the daytime consists of (1) stepped leader stroke type, partial discharge within cloud type, successive discharges among clouds type, (2) return streamer type, (3) multiple stroke type, and (4) slow tail type. That in the night time consists of (5) stepped leader stroke type, partial discharge within cloud type, successive discharges among clouds type, (6) return streamer type, (7) slow tail type, (8) long train type and (9) reflection echo type. (1) are recorded from distances less than 3,000 km along oversea paths and 2,000 km along overland paths, and their frequency range is 10-30 kc/s. As to leader stroke, α and β types are generally discriminated. (2) is found from distances 1,000 - 5,000 km or more and it is generally very smooth damped wave whose frequency range is 6-17 kc/s. (3) is found from distances within 3,000 km and many similar waveforms are recorded successively mixed often with other types. Disturbed by the interference of the space waves, (3) is not found at night. (4) is found a few in the daytime. (5) are recorded from distances 1,000-5,000 km or more, and their frequency range is 10-30 kc/s, while those for long distances (more than 3,000 km) 10-15kc/s. (6) consists of two kinds. Waveform within 3,000 km is not so smooth as that in the daytime and it is often taken for echo-type through mistake; while the one from the distances 3,000-5,000 km or more is also as smooth as that in the daytime. (7) is mainly found at night in the distances 1,000-5,000 km or more, and is preceded by the (5), (6) or echo type waveforms. Their frequency is very low, less than 1,000 c/s. (8) is found sometimes in the daytime, but it is generally recorded at night from the distances less than 3,000 km. Height deduced from the waveform is 80-90 km and the distance obtained is nearly coincident with that found by direction finding. Therefore in the favourable condition of ionosphere one can find the distance of source (within 3,000 km) and the height of reflection layer through observation at one station. (9) is discussed in detail in Pierce's article and so they are omitted in this paper.},
 pages = {1--13},
 title = {昼間及び夜間の空電波形の分類と解釈},
 volume = {7},
 year = {1957}
}