@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:02002313,
 author = {于, 寧 and YU, Ning},
 journal = {名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学, Bulletin of the Graduate School of Education and Human Development. Psychology and human developmental sciences},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Many studies on disasters and mental health have been conducted in the past, but most of these studies focused on the psychological reactions after disasters. For example, studies related to Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In 2000, the American Psychiatric Association defined CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) emergencies as “special disasters”. Among them, biological crises (biohazard) are not limited to man-made crises, and infectious disease pandemics are treated accordingly. Since the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in 2019 in Wuhan, China, more research has been focus on the psychological impact of this “special disaster” on general sample. Studies have also been conducted on specific populations, such as university students, health care workers, pregnant women and so on. However, relatively little attention has been paid to maternity. Therefore, this study aims to compile and analyze maternal studies and provide insights for future research. Previous studies focusing on pregnant women and maternal subjects have shown that they are more likely to feel depressed anxious and stressed. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to bring a detrimental impact on the mental health of pregnant and postpartum women. This study aims to understand the psychological effects of COVID-19 on mental health and psychological intervention protective factors of women during their pregnancy and postpartum. The psychological effects were collected from three factors: depression, anxiety and stress. We surveyed the publications by using the “Science Direct” database system. In this study, we set terms such as “COVID-19”, “perinatal” and “Psychological effects", “Psychological intervention” as the keywords. In addition, search benchmarks were used to select the appropriate articles. The search benchmarks we set were (a) quantitative studies related to the psychological effect on pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 (b) papers recorded separately for pregnant and postpartum women. We also selected the fields of “Medicine and Dentistry”, “Nursing and health professions” and “Psychology”. The papers retrieved were narrowed down by a reviewing process. First, all duplicate papers were removed. Second, the abstracts and titles were read to eliminate papers that were not relevant to this study. Furthermore, we read the abstracts and titles of the remaining articles as well as study the full text of these articles to make a final decision on whether to include them in the analysis. Finally, for the analysis of maternal effects on COVID-19, we extracted and analyzed the parts related to depression, anxiety, and stress. A total of nine articles related to psychological effects were included in the final analysis. Moreover, we also included two articles focusing on psychological intervention. More studies for psychological effects were included as they were linked to the prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress among pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. More of these studies have focused on pregnant women than on postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. After analysis of the paper we found that the detection rates of maternal depression and anxiety during the epidemic were higher than the values before the epidemic. We also found in local comparisons of detection rates that maternal depression and anxiety were lowest in China; relatively speaking, European countries had the highest detection rates. The use of questionnaires was not uniform due to the different focus of each study. More studies tend to use the The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)EPDS in depression testing, while the questionnaires used for anxiety testing are more inconsistent. To overcome the issue, a stress scale (Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS)) has been developed in 2020 to assess pregnant and postpartum women’s mental health during the pandemic. The PREPS was developed by combining a scale based on previous studies to assess maternal stress in the antenatal and postnatal periods with emotionally charged items based on information and mass media descriptions of women's experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there are German, Polish and Italian versions of the scale. It enables comparative studies to be conducted. In addition, some studies revealed that social support can reduce the likelihood of anxiety and depression among pregnant and postpartum women during the pandemic. It is necessary to take some psychological intervention measures for pregnant women to help them cope with the challenge of this pandemic.},
 pages = {27--38},
 title = {新型コロナウイルスが妊産婦のメンタルヘルスに与える影響に関する展望 : 影響因子に着目して},
 volume = {68},
 year = {2022}
}