@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:02005175,
 author = {西田, 保 and NISHIDA, Tamotsu},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {総合保健体育科学, Nagoya Journal of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {The majority of research on golf performance has been conducted from a specific research perspective. Researchers typically assess the influence of psychological, technical, or physical factors on performance in different studies. It is more informative to examine performance in golf with each of these factors examined independently, within the same study. In this study, examined were the relationships between mental states/golf skills/physical conditions and golf-related variables. The participants were comprised of 189 male amateur golfers ranging in age from 25 to 75 years (M=53.1, SD=10.7). Their mean strokes per round was 100.2. The range of scores was from a low of 77 to a high of 129. Fifteen test items of mental states were extracted from the Psychological Skills Test for Golfer's (Nishida & Kato, 1994). The items were associated with five subscales consisting of persistence and concentration, ability to change thinking or feelings, self-confidence, positive thinking, and anxiety about mistakes. In regard to specific golf skill items, subjective accuracy was rated for 1W, 4W, 3I, 5I, 7I, 9I, PW, bunker and approach shots as well as for long and short putts, and shots from a slope or the rough. Ten physical-condition items were also measured, such as current states of pain, tiredness, etc. The participants were asked to respond to all test items in the lobby of the clubhouse before a round of golf After finishing 18 holes, they responded to a shortened questionnaire which was similar to the test items before a round which consisted of the mental states, specific golf skills, and physical conditions previously mentioned. Additionally, number of strokes, putts, evaluation of golf score, exhibition of true ability, and positive feelings experienced during the round, were also measured. The correlation coefficients between the test items before or during the golf round and several variables related to performance in golf were obtained. In regard to strokes, significant correlations were found between mental states (before; -.327, during; -.348), specific golf skills (before; -.283, during; -.295), and physical conditions (during; -.257). Less than substantial, yet significant, correlations were evident between number of putts and mental states (before; -.171, during; -.280), and physical conditions (during; -.150). The evaluation of golf score was moderately correlated with mental states (during; .407), specific golf skills (during; .357), and physical conditions (before; .187, during; .280). Regarding exhibition of true ability, moderate correlations were obtained for mental states (during;. 484), and specific golf skills (during; .417). The presence of positive feelings felt during the round was significantly correlated with mental states (before; .158, during;. 362), specific golf skills (during; .324), and physical conditions (before; .196, during; .285). The multiple regression analyses revealed that strokes were positively determined by mental states before and during the golf round. In general, mental states and specific golf skills during the golf round influenced putts, evaluation of golf score, exhibition of true ability, and positive feelings. ln view of the data presented in this study, it was apparent that mental states, specific golf skills, and physical conditions during a round of golf better correlated with all the golf-related variables rather than before a round of golf. Moreover, it was evident that the positive assessment of mental states during the golf round were very important to perform well for male amateur golfers.},
 pages = {23--28},
 title = {ゴルフにおける「心技体」と関連変数との関連性},
 volume = {26},
 year = {2003}
}