@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:02005948,
 author = {HIRUTA, Shuichi and SHIMAOKA, Midori and IKEGAMI, Yasuo and KOBAYASHl, kando},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {総合保健体育科学, Nagoya Journal of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {A new stick-shaped dumbbell made of elastic materials was developed. This elastic dumbbell (ED) was 51.5 cm long, 2.0 kg in weight and has an diameter of 4.0 cm. Force patterns produced during repetitive arm exercise with ED as well as with a rigid dumbbell (RD) of the same weight and diameter as ED were investigated. The center part of each dumbbell was attached to the bottom of the force transducer (load cell). A handle was fixed to the top of the load cell. A subject was asked to grip the handle and to lift the load cell repeatedly at the following tempos; 77, 116, 154, 193 and 231 times per minute. These tempos corresponded to 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 % of the frequency of resonance of ED, respectively. Force was continuously recorded by a pen oscillograph. Angle of elbow joint was displayed on oscilloscope to regulate the amplitude of movement. At tempo 77 and 116, peak force value (PFV) of both dumbbells were almost the same. After the peak, the force of ED was found to be at higher level than that of RD. At tempo 154, PFV of ED was 1.6 times as high as that of RD, which might be explained by resonance. At tempo 191 and 231, PFV of ED were smaller than that of RD. From these characteristics of force curve of ED, it was suggested that larger force could be exerted in wider range of joint angle in strength training with ED than with RD.},
 pages = {111--115},
 title = {Comparison of force patterns between elastic and rigid dumbbell in arm exercise},
 volume = {9},
 year = {1986}
}