@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:02007157,
 author = {UTSUMI, Yuji and OTCHIA, Christian S.},
 issue = {7},
 journal = {国際開発研究フォーラム, Forum of International Development Studies},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {The number of armed conflicts is increasing globally, with the mechanisms shifting from traditional inter-state conflicts to more recent internationalized domestic conflicts. In this study, we used large individual panel data collected in 2009 and 2010, before and after the implementation of the adult literacy classes provided by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Enhancement of Literacy in Afghanistan (ELA) project in 45 districts of nine provinces in Afghanistan, to estimate the shock of conflict on adult learning outcomes (numeracy skills). We attempted to estimate the magnitude of the shock of conflict on adult learning outcomes. Contrary to initial expectations, we did not find a direct effect of conflict shocks on numeracy scores, but we did find interesting interactions, such as the start time of the classroom (morning or afternoon), marital status, and employment status affecting learning outcomes in conflict areas, but differently for males and females. This study interprets these results from the perspective of people in conflict situations and in the particular context of Afghanistan. The study contributes to the development of policies for adult literacy education in conflictaffected countries.},
 pages = {1--20},
 title = {Building Human Capital in Conflict-affected Countries : Evidence from a Large-Scale Adult Literacy Program in Afghanistan},
 volume = {54 special},
 year = {2023}
}