@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:02009487,
 author = {藤崎, 葉子 and FUJISAKI, Yoko},
 journal = {名古屋大学人文学フォーラム, Humanities Forum, Nagoya University},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Wampanoag Indians in New England first met and helped the Pilgrims who arrived at Cape Cod in 1620. Gradually the teachings of Christ were propagated among the Mashpee and the Gay Head tribes of the Wampanoag. The Mashpee and the Gay Head plantations became “praying towns” for native Christians. During the King Philip’s War (1675-76) they took the colonies’ side or a neutral stand, which is why their population didn’t decline and they were able to maintain their land. By the mid-19th century, the district of Mashpee was the largest native community in Massachusetts. This paper focuses on the self-government and land of the Mashpee in relation to the state during the 19th century. Since 1789, Massachusetts appointed both white and native overseers to the Mashpee Wampanoag to rule them. However, the Mashpees led by William Apes, a Pequot Methodist preacher, stopped white settlers from illegally cutting and bringing trees from the Mashpee forest in 1833. They petitioned the Massachusetts legislature for the right of self-government and it was acknowledged in 1834. In addition, the Mashpees continued to petition the legislature to dismiss Phineas Fish, a Congregational pastor. In 1840 the legislature made the district of Mashpee a “parish” and allowed them to control the Meeting House, the land around the parsonage and their pastor. Thus the Mashpees gained both political and religious autonomy. In this process there were whites who helped them though some Mashpees were opposed to self-government. However, since the Mashpees were very poor, they needed the relief from Massachusetts. Furthermore, there were growing divisions between natives and blacks, the rich and the poor, and the traditional and the non-traditional Mashpees. Due to the influence of the Civil Rights Act in 1866, the Massachusetts Indian Enfranchisement and Allotment Act was passed in 1869. The Massachusetts State legislature divided the land of Mashpee including the common land, allotted 60-acres of land to each and allowed the Mashpees to sell their land to non-Mashpees. After the law was passed, they had to sell their land to pay tax. The Mashpees only lost their land and autonomy by the law. However, even after the district of Mashpee was incorporated as a town in 1870, they continued to self-govern formally. Because the Mashpee town was far from Boston and its access was limited, most members of the town council and officials remained Mashpees until well into the 20th century.},
 pages = {421--436},
 title = {マシュピー・ワンパノアグの自治と土地 : 19 世紀を中心に},
 volume = {7},
 year = {2024}
}