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国際人道法における「中間的地位」としての「不法戦闘員」とその保護
https://doi.org/10.18999/forids.55.SpecialIssue.4
https://doi.org/10.18999/forids.55.SpecialIssue.429667997-1cca-4167-b4c4-505fb015ab28
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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55SpecialIssue4_55(7).pdf (724.0 KB)
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| アイテムタイプ | itemtype_ver1(1) | |||||||||
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| 公開日 | 2025-04-01 | |||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||
| タイトル | 国際人道法における「中間的地位」としての「不法戦闘員」とその保護 | |||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| その他のタイトル | ||||||||||
| その他のタイトル | “Unlawful Combatants” as an “Intermediate Status” and Its Protection under International Humanitarian Law | |||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| 著者 |
黒﨑, 将広
× 黒﨑, 将広
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| アクセス権 | ||||||||||
| アクセス権 | open access | |||||||||
| アクセス権URI | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | ||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | “Unlawful combatants”--also called “unprivileged belligerents”--are persons who, without combatant status, directly participate in hostilities between parties to an international armed conflict. Since they are not combatants in the sense of international humanitarian law (IHL), they do not enjoy the protection of immunity from domestic prosecution and the privilege of treatment as prisoners of war granted to lawful combatants when captured by the enemy. Does that mean that “unlawful combatants” enjoy no protection under IHL whatsoever? There are “two schools of thought” on the issue. The main difference between the two theories is whether to assume that “unlawful combatants” are civilians and, as such, apply to them the Fourth Geneva Convention on the Protection of Civilians, or whether to assume that they are neither combatants nor civilians, but have a third status, an “intermediate status,” with the minimum protection under customary IHL. In an attempt to verify the validity of the above two theories, this paper aims to clarify what kind of legal framework was envisioned in the drafting history of the relevant provisions of the Geneva Conventions regime for the protection of “unlawful combatants,” including whether they were considered as civilians entitled to the protection of the Fourth Geneva Convention. As far as the drafting history is concerned, “unlawful combatants” were characterized as neither combatants nor civilians, but were considered to have what is now called an “intermediate status.” As the object and purpose of the Fourth Geneva Convention is to protect innocent or peaceful civilians who do not directly participate in hostilities, they were considered by the drafters to fall outside the scope of the Fourth Convention as well as the Third Geneva Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War. This was important to ensure the protection of both lawful combatants and innocent civilians, and in particular to avoid the blurring of the distinction between “unlawful combatants” and innocent civilians, which would seriously undermine the protection of the latter. Nevertheless, this does not mean that “unlawful combatants” are not entitled to any protection under IHL. Under the First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions (API), “(“unlawful combatants”) shall be given protections equivalent in all respects to those accorded to prisoners of war” by the Third Geneva Convention and by the First Additional Protocol (Article 44(4) API), and “have the right at all times to the protection of Article 75 of this Protocol” (Article 45(3) API). For the reasons above, the paper concludes as follows: The theory that “unlawful combatants” are considered to have the “intermediate status” with the minimum protection is more consistent with the objects and purposes of the protective regime under the Geneva Conventions. | |||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| 出版者 | ||||||||||
| 出版者 | 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科 | |||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| 出版者 | ||||||||||
| 出版者 | Graduate School of International Development, Nagoya University | |||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| 言語 | ||||||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||||
| 資源タイプresource | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||||||
| タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||||||
| 出版タイプ | ||||||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.18999/forids.55.SpecialIssue.4 | |||||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | ||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | PISSN | |||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | 1341-3732 | |||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | ||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | EISSN | |||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | 2189-9126 | |||||||||
| 書誌情報 |
ja : 国際開発研究フォーラム en : Forum of International Development Studies 巻 55, 号 7, p. 43-55, 発行日 2025-03 |
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