@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00022168,
 author = {Doi, Schun},
 issue = {6},
 journal = {English Studies},
 month = {Aug},
 note = {Using data obtained mainly from the Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed. on CD-ROM, ver. 3.0, 2002), the process in which Japanese loanwords are incorporated into the English lexicon was reviewed. The process has been theorised in terms of a scale which begins with totally foreign at one end and finishes with fully incorporated/native at the other. Naturalisation is viewed as a matter of degree in which all the words in English can theoretically be assigned to a point on this scale. Still, it has been observed that the loanwords studied follow a specific trajectory of naturalisation, with three loosely set stages. In the initial stage, words are paraphrased by easily recognisable words or phrases to guarantee that the foreign words employed are understood. Then, attributive usages appear as a transitional phase towards the more productive stage. To finish the naturalisation process, the loanwords acquire greater productivity and in due course achieve the fully incorporated status.},
 pages = {674--699},
 title = {The Naturalisation Process of the Japanese Loanwords Found in the Oxford English Dictionary},
 volume = {95},
 year = {2014}
}