@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00023455,
 author = {Iwatsu, Kotaro and Iida, Yuki and Kono, Yuji and Yamazaki, Takenori and Usui, Akihiko and Yamada, Sumio},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {Objective: To explore the efficacy of postoperative neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on muscle protein degradation and muscle weakness in patients after cardiovascular surgery. Methods: Sixty-one patients underwent NMES daily from postoperative days (PODs) 1 to 5 in addition to postoperative mobilization program (NMES group), and 41 patients underwent postoperative mobilization program only (non-NMES group). The primary outcome was the concentration of 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) in 24-hour urine corrected for urinary creatinine content (3-MH/Cre) from PODs 1 to 5. The secondary outcomes were knee extensor isometric strength (KEIS) and handgrip strength at POD 7. Results: Baseline characteristics such as age, sex, preoperative body mass index, hemoglobin, handgrip strength, KEIS, surgery type, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and immediate postoperative interleukin-6 were not different between the groups. Urinary 3-MH/Cre was increased significantly in both groups; however, urinary 3-MH/Cre in the NMES group peaked earlier compared with that in the non-NMES group. KEIS at POD 7 was significantly greater in the NMES group (median [interquartile range], 0.40 kg/weight [0.33-0.45] in the NMES group vs 0.23 kg/weight [0.15-0.36] in the non-NMES group; P < .01). Handgrip strength at POD 7 was also significantly greater in the NMES group (median [interquartile range], 32 kg [24.5-35.3] in the NMES group vs 24 kg [16.0-30.0] in the non-NMES group; P < .01). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that NMES might attenuate skeletal muscle protein degradation and muscle weakness after cardiovascular surgery. A cause-effect relationship between NMES and functional preservation would be a future challenging issue.},
 pages = {373--379.e1},
 title = {Neuromuscular electrical stimulation may attenuate muscle proteolysis after cardiovascular surgery: A preliminary study},
 volume = {153},
 year = {2017}
}