@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00026576,
 author = {スギアルト, シギット and Sugiarto, Sigit},
 journal = {名古屋大学人文学フォーラム},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {This paper is focusing on the generalization of meaning and usage of baseball terminology kouban. Originally, kouban is used as a baseball term which means "in baseball, the pitcher is leaving the mound in the middle of the game and replaced by another pitcher." However, according to some dictionary descriptions and prior study, it is confirmed that kouban could also be used to express "(a person is) to retire or to quit from a positions/roles" on contexts/fields other than baseball. The main purpose of this research is to observe the expansion process of kouban`s meaning and usage, as part of the study to analyze the generalization of meaning and usage of sports terminology in general. The object of this study is the actual usage of kouban on Yahoo Chiebukuro(a Japanese version of Yahoo Answer) postings, and the actual usage on The Asahi Shimbun newspapers article databases, with the purpose to observe trend orientations in actual daily usage and to observe the records of the expansions process historically. Based on the observation results, this research has determined that kouban`s generalization of meaning and usage has also expanded to various contexts/fields other than baseball after at the beginning being used as a metaphorical term to express "to retir e or to quit from a positions/roles " in politics related article headlines on the 70`s. From the co ntext/field of `politics`, it is expanded to the context/field in the order of `media/entertainment`, `sports in general` (sports context/field other than it`s original meaning and usage), and `economy/management`. It is also confirmed that kouban`s is not only used to express "a person to quit from a positions/role", but it could also express "a non-human, such as things or organizations/company to quit or to withdraw from a role/participation." This study also confirmed another usage of kouban on the context/field of `sports in general` in particular to express "a person to completely retire as an athlete".},
 pages = {77--91},
 title = {野球用語「降板」の意味・用法の一般化},
 volume = {1},
 year = {2018}
}