@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00027924, author = {Ishikawa, Ryuji}, journal = {IVY}, month = {Oct}, note = {This essay aims to examine how "Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen" dramatizes Yeatsian concept of the "mask." The concept of the "mask" is one of typically Yeatsian ones. As the "mask" is alternatively called the "antiself," the concept is connected with the problem of the "self." Terence Diggory asserts that Yeatsian "self" is not given but created. In the creation of the "self," the "externalized self" becomes differentiated from the "internal self." The "externalized self" is so-called the "antiself." While the "antiself" is explicitly defined, the "internal self," which should be called just the "self" in contrast to the "antiself," remains obscure. The "self" can be only defined as the "not-antiself." On the other hand, however, the creation of the "antiself" is important in the sense that it is the delineation of the obscure "self." But the delineating chasm between the "self" and the "antiself" never disappears. This fact causes a tragedy in Yeats's case, especially in "Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen." For Yeats, and for the speaker of this poem at the same time, the "mask" should be the ultimate ideal. Nevertheless, their "selves" can never be identified with their ideal "antiselves." After the explication of the concept of the "mask" in the first section, the following two sections are dedicated to the examining of the speaker's "antiself" in "Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen." His "mask" is a heroic "self." It is the hero who faces an adversity with his undaunted courage. And the heroic "self" is created by the repulsive force of mind against the adversity. In the second section, the speaker's adversity as the preconditions of the creation of his "antiself" is classified into "the sense of loss" and "the threat." The third section exemplifies how the speaker overcomes his adversity. He employs two strategies. One is Yeatsian heroic concept and the other is the purgatorial one. The two concepts brings out the speaker's repulsive force of mind against his predicament, and, in the sensation, he assures his heroic "self" as his "mask." In the third section, the objectification of the "antiself" by the "self" is examined. The speaker's heroic "self" becomes eventually criticized by the "self" as a indifferent posture. His heroic "mask" becomes recognized as the "not-self." The tragedy of "Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen" is the speaker's realization of the unceasing production of the "not-self.", This essay is an expanded and revised version of the paper presenter at the 47th General Meeting of the Chubu branch of the English Literary Society of Japan on October 7, 1995.}, pages = {115--136}, title = {The Tragedy in the Creation of the ''Mask" : W. B. Yeats's "Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen"}, volume = {29}, year = {1996} }