{"_buckets": {"deposit": "cc9f8b2b-efd8-40f6-be2d-88f73ae79b24"}, "_deposit": {"id": "27985", "owners": [], "pid": {"revision_id": 0, "type": "depid", "value": "27985"}, "status": "published"}, "_oai": {"id": "oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00027985"}, "item_9_biblio_info_6": {"attribute_name": "\u66f8\u8a8c\u60c5\u5831", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"bibliographicIssueDates": {"bibliographicIssueDate": "2002-10-31", "bibliographicIssueDateType": "Issued"}, "bibliographicPageEnd": "89", "bibliographicPageStart": "59", "bibliographicVolumeNumber": "35", "bibliographic_titles": [{"bibliographic_title": "IVY"}]}]}, "item_9_description_4": {"attribute_name": "\u6284\u9332", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_description": "Japanese allows multiple prenominal modifiers to modify a single noun. In such cases, all but the rightmost occurrence of -i can be replaced with -ku. In a parallel way, -na/-no can be replaced with -de. (1) a. hiro-i fuka-i kawa b. hiro-ku fuka-i kawa, broad deep river (2) a. buree-na taikutu-na kyaku b. buree-de taikutu-na kyaku, rude boring guest (3) a. tyoosin-no kinpatu-no josee b. tyoosin-de kinpatu-no josee, tall blonde lady The aim of this paper is to clarify the structural difference between the (a) examples and the (b) examples in (1)-(3). Notice that the modifiers marked with -ku/-de are unacceptable in the following examples. (4) a. naga-i eigo-no tango b. *naga-ku eigo-no tango, long English word (5) a. kaiteki-na ki-no isu b. *kaiteki-de ki-no isu, comfortable wooden chair (6) a. eigo-no naga-i tango b. *eigo-de naga-i tango, English long word  Interestingly, the English counterparts of (1)-(3) allow coordination, as shown in (7), while those of (4)-(6) do not, as shown in (8)-(9). (7) a. a broad and deep river b. a rude and boring guest c. a tall and blonde lady (8) a. *a long and English word b. a long English word (9) a. *a comfortable and wooden chair b. a comfortable wooden chair These facts lead us to the conclusion that modifiers marked with -ku/-de are coordinated, while modifiers marked with -i/-na/-no in multiple modifier constructions are stacked. This is schematically represented in (10). (10) a. [XP-i/-na/-no [XP-i/-na/-no NP]](stacked structure) b. [[XP-ku/-de XP-i/-na/-no] NP](coordinate structure) The morphemes -i, -na, and -no are all members of the same functional category: Mod(ification) in the sense of Rubin (1994). That is, modifiers marked with -i, -na, and -no are uniformly of category ModP. The morphological differences between stacked structures and coordinate structures are captured by the principles of Distributed Morphology (Halle and Marantz 1993). The morphemes -ku and -de arise from the morphological fusion of Mod and Co(njunction). 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