@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00027986,
 author = {Maezawa, Hiroki},
 journal = {IVY},
 month = {Oct},
 note = {Adverbs that serve as subject-oriented adverbs (SOAs) may also serve as manner adverbs. As shown in (1), adverbs like cleverly and clumsily, which fall under Jackendoff (1972) first class of adverbs, are ambiguous between the subject-oriented and manner readings depending on where they occur. (1) a. {Cleverly/Clumsily}(,) John dropped his cup of coffee. b. John dropped his cup of coffee {Cleverly/Clumsily}. (Jackendoff 1972: 49) In (1a), the adverbs are interpreted as SOAs, whereas in (1c), they are interpreted as manner adverbs. On the other hand, the class of SOAs includes adverbs with different semantic and syntactic properties and requires to be further subclassified. Geuder (2000) distinguishes two classes of SOAs, as illustrated in (2)and (3). (2) Transparent Adverbs : angrily, sadly, happily, gladly, proudly, nervously, hungrily, contentedly ... (3) Agentive Adverbs : stupidly, intelligently, carelessly, clumsily ... (cf. Geuder 2000) In this paper, I attempt to explore the nature of adverbial modification by considering where these different interpretations of SOAs come from, and argue that the functions of adverbs are closely related to those of their adjectival counterparts. The differences between transparent and agentive adverbs are derived from the different argument structures of the corresponding adjectives, and the meaning change that they show is accounted for in terms of the elements that they take as their arguments. When transparent or agentive adverbs modify the elements that serve as their Causer or Event arguments, they function as SOAs. On the other hand, when they modify the elements that serve as their Suggestor arguments, they function as manner adverbs. In addition, the comparison of adverbial modification and attributive modification by adjectives suggests that adverbs as well as adjectives can be both attributive and predicative. It is argued that the subject-oriented reading of adverbs is achieved predicatively, because the Causer and Event theta-roles, which are related to this reading, are not available for attributive modification by adjectives. Furthermore, I claim that the elements that adverbs take as their arguments determine where they appear in the sentence.},
 pages = {91--122},
 title = {Adverbial Modification and the Argument Structure of Adjectives},
 volume = {35},
 year = {2002}
}