{"created":"2021-03-01T06:36:08.217469+00:00","id":28083,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"3e3aadd6-d684-4e5d-8c1a-d9b3581b1025"},"_deposit":{"id":"28083","owners":[],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"28083"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00028083","sets":["326:521:2321:2405"]},"author_link":["91481"],"item_1615768549627":{"attribute_name":"出版タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_9_biblio_info_6":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2007-11-30","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"80","bibliographicPageStart":"45","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"40","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"IVY","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_9_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"In English, there is a class of adjectives that begin with the prefix a­(referred to as A-class adjectives in this article). They are employed primarily as predicates, and in cases where they are used attributively, they must follow the nouns they modify, unlike ordinary adjectives. From the historical perspective, A-class adjectives were originally PPs where the preposition on was followed by bare nominals. This article addresses the following issues with special reference to the history of alive: (i) how the peculiar syntactic behaviors of A-class adjectives in PE can be accounted for; (ii) how the grammaticalization of alive proceeded in the history of English; and (iii) what implication the history of alive has for the theory of grammaticalization. With respect to (i), I draw upon the insight of Nakajima (2004) and propose that A-class adjectives are structurally complex, including the functional category Pred, and that the affix a- is a phonological realization of this category. PredP occurs either as the complement of be or as [Spec, N], which correspond to the predicative and attributive uses, respectively. The word order wherein an A-class adjective precedes the modified noun in the attributive use results from the movement of the noun to a higher functional head Num, which is independently motivated by the necessity of N to function as the controller of the PRO subject in PredP. However, alive and asleep are exceptions to this rule in that they precede the modified noun under certain interpretations. It is argued that they are the most grammaticalized items among A-class adjectives because they have an AP structure like ordinary adjectives (and unlike other A-class adjectives) in addition to the PredP structure. The issue in (ii) is discussed based on my corpus investigation. The distribution of on life and alive in PPCME2 and PPCEME indicates that the shift from the former to the latter began in the predicative position and then spread to the environment of the attributive use. Furthermore, there are no examples of prenominal alive in these corpora and the first instance in the OED is found in late ModE. In light of these facts, I present an analysis of the grammaticalization of alive as follows: (a) first, the PP on life was reanalyzed as the PredP alive in the predicative position; (b) then, PredP spread to the postnominal attributive use, replacing the old structure where PP was adjoined to NP; and (c) finally, the structural simplification from PredP to AP occurred. The main factor that promoted the change in (a) is the functional parallelism between PP and PredP in that they both represent some kind of predication. The change in (b) was facilitated by the presence of other postnominal adjectives, which were more productive in ME than in PE. The change in (c) resulted from the shift of the prefix a­ from Pred to the adjectivizer a. With respect to the issue in (iii), I argue that the process of grammaticalization of alive serves as a counterexample to the analyses in Roberts and Roussou 2003 and Van Gelderen 2004. They define grammaticalization as an essentially upward change within a given phrase structure. However, the change in (c) in which the prefix a- shifted from Pred to the adjectivizer a is clearly downward; thus, their analyses miss an important part of the phenomenon. On the other hand, under my approach, which considers grammaticalization as a change in correspondence rules at PF, downward shifts are not prohibited in principle; instead, grammaticalization is governed by the economy condition stating that lexical insertion favors less information. It is argued that the history of alive proceeded consistently with this economy condition, thus suggesting the validity of my approach.","subitem_description_language":"en","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_description_5":{"attribute_name":"内容記述","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"This study is supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) from The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology: Grant No. 19720113.","subitem_description_language":"en","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_9_publisher_32":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"名古屋大学英文学会","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"},{"subitem_publisher":"The society of english literature and linguistics Nagoya University","subitem_publisher_language":"en"}]},"item_9_select_15":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_select_item":"publisher"}]},"item_9_source_id_7":{"attribute_name":"ISSN（print）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0914-2266","subitem_source_identifier_type":"PISSN"}]},"item_access_right":{"attribute_name":"アクセス権","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_access_right":"open access","subitem_access_right_uri":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Hiroyuki, Nawata","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"91481","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2019-05-20"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"ivy_40_45.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.1 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"ivy_40_45.pdf","objectType":"fulltext","url":"https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/28083/files/ivy_40_45.pdf"},"version_id":"e0d4b3dc-9bd5-4bd5-b62a-fa9835e1026e"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"The History of Alive : Toward a Realizational Approach to Grammaticalization","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"The History of Alive : Toward a Realizational Approach to Grammaticalization","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"1","path":["2405"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2019-05-20"},"publish_date":"2019-05-20","publish_status":"0","recid":"28083","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["The History of Alive : Toward a Realizational Approach to Grammaticalization"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-01-16T04:20:26.146606+00:00"}