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However, immediately prior to the 2020 academic year, when the new common examination were scheduled to start, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology first postponed the use of private-sector English examinations and then introduced short answer questions through notices issued on November 1 and December 17, 2019, respectively. This paper summarizes the history of the reforms to improve connections between high schools and universities. Furthermore, it gives an overview of the decision-making on the introduction of private-sector English examinations and short answer questions and demonstrates that the lack of proper discussion from a specialist perspective appears to have been a factor that led to the breakdown. Additionally, the improvement in marksheet questions, responding to increasing diversity among examinees, and problems relating to the introduction of computer-based testing (CBT) remain as issues concerning common examinations, and this paper argues that conducting sufficient research in the future from a specialist perspective is critical.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID\u767b\u9332","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.18999/njhe.20.153","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_32":{"attribute_name":"\u51fa\u7248\u8005","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"\u540d\u53e4\u5c4b\u5927\u5b66\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc"}]},"item_9_select_15":{"attribute_name":"\u8457\u8005\u7248\u30d5\u30e9\u30b0","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_select_item":"publisher"}]},"item_9_source_id_7":{"attribute_name":"ISSN\uff08print\uff09","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"1348-2459","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"\u8457\u8005","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"\u5927\ufa10, \u96c4\u4f5c"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"97441","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"OTSUKA, Yusaku"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"97442","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u60c5\u5831","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2020-04-03"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"10.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"2.2 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"10.pdf","url":"https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/29820/files/10.pdf"},"version_id":"9a778e40-e271-4f15-b99f-8458931a81ce"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"\u8a00\u8a9e","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"\u8cc7\u6e90\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"\u5171\u901a\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u4eca\u5f8c\u3078\u306e\u671f\u5f85 : \u82f1\u8a9e\u6c11\u9593\u8a66\u9a13\u5c0e\u5165\u65bd\u7b56\u306e\u9813\u632b\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"\u5171\u901a\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u4eca\u5f8c\u3078\u306e\u671f\u5f85 : \u82f1\u8a9e\u6c11\u9593\u8a66\u9a13\u5c0e\u5165\u65bd\u7b56\u306e\u9813\u632b\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"1","path":["748/749/750/2489"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"\u516c\u958b\u65e5","attribute_value":"2020-04-03"},"publish_date":"2020-04-03","publish_status":"0","recid":"29820","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["\u5171\u901a\u8a66\u9a13\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u4eca\u5f8c\u3078\u306e\u671f\u5f85 : \u82f1\u8a9e\u6c11\u9593\u8a66\u9a13\u5c0e\u5165\u65bd\u7b56\u306e\u9813\u632b\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":null},"updated":"2021-03-01T09:29:17.936700+00:00"}