@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00030648,
 author = {Oki, Takeo},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {Memoirs of the School of Engineering, Nagoya University},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {At first, important points and trends of the development of the surface modification engineering were mentioned and discussed in terms of its application according to wear resistance, hardness and corrosion resistance etc.. Then by means of disproportionation reaction in molten salts, new surface modification process was studied in details. 1) Surface coating treatment by chemical transport using disproportionation reaction in molten salts was studied comprehensively. The metal such as Si, Cr, Ti, V, Zr, Ta and etc. was deposited to form alloy and compound coating on the surface by application of the disproportionation reaction in molten halide salts, KCl-BaCI[2]-NaF-Metal-Metal salts system. The overall reaction can be represented as follows.  M(a[1] : in source) → M(a[2] : in metal or compounds) (a[1] > a[2]) Various films were coated on steels by this method: ferrosilicon and ferrosilicon-graphite composite, chromium carbide, titanium carbide, vanadium carbide, tantalum carbide and boride films of these metals. The surface hardness (Hv) of these films ranged from 1000 to 3000 and they had very high wear resistance.  2) The formation of some functional carbide films and alloy ones were performed on some substrates like steels by immersing substrates into such molten salts system as KCl(-NaCl)-BaCl[2]-NaF-Metal powder-Metal oxide or halide. These formation reactions of films is a disproportionation reaction which is proceeded through the difference of metal activities between in source and in films. Total reaction is as follows:  M(a[s] , in source) → M(a[c] , in ceramics or alloy as products)  (a:activity, a[s] > a[c] )  This paper represents the mechanisms and characteristics of some ceramic films, such as boride, nitride and silicide film as the progress and application of surface modification by disproportionation reaction. As though substrates for this investigation don't have any component elements of films, they can be formed on substrate by multifold processes using each disproportionation reaction in molten salts, respectively. These films were submitted to various inspections such as X-ray analysis, microscopic observation, EPMA and corrosion test. They were excellent at tests of surface hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance.},
 pages = {115--146},
 title = {Studies on the surface modification and measurements},
 volume = {46},
 year = {1995}
}