@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00030725,
 author = {Fujita, Hideomi and Hirota, Masafumi and Yokosawa, Hajime},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {The purpose of this experimental study is to make clear the characteristics of a fully developed turbulent flow in a square duct with the bottom wall rough and the remaining walls smooth. Detailed and reliable results have been obtained by hot-wire anemometry for such quantities as primary flow velocity, secondary flow velocities, turbulence intensities, and turbulent shear stresses. A pattern of secondary flow very different from those reported until now has been found in the rough duct: only two large, contra-rotating longitudinal vortices have appeared in any given cross-section. Moreover, not only anisotropy of normal stresses ( ￥overline￥u[2/2] –￥overline￥u[2/3]) but also turbulent shear stress ￥overline￥u[2]u[3] in the rough duct has been found to be an important contributor to the generation of the secondary flow of Prandtl's second kind.},
 pages = {280--294},
 title = {Experiments on turbulent flow in a square duct with a rough wall},
 volume = {41},
 year = {1990}
}