@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004763,
 author = {Sunshine, Russell},
 journal = {国際開発研究フォーラム, Forum of International Development Studies},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {There is a broad consensus among Japanese bureaucrats, academics and NGO leaders on the present status of Japanese ODA and ODA policy : ● That Japan’s ODA contribution is the largest in the world; ● That its ODA portfolio consists mostly of bilateral grants, technical assistance and loans, supplemented by Japanese contributions to multilateral organizations; ● That recipients of this bilateral and multilateral aid are overwhelmingly Asian; ● That its substantive targets are broad, honoring OECD/DAC’s New Strategies; ● That ODA policy is largely made, behind closed doors, by a small group of senior parliamentarians and bureaucrats, the latter in Finance and Foreign Affairs. When the focus of the ODA policy inquiry shifts from the present to the future, that consensus widely splits into two divergent opinions: ● One camp foresees little or no policy change on the horizon; ● The other perceives the distinct possibility of significant policy shifts. The stimuli for those changes could include intensifying ODA budget strictures, adverse public reaction to ODA scandals, a reformist Prime Minister with limited alternative opportunities for reform, and external pressures for more Japanese foreign-policy activism. The forms of change could include increased Japanese leadership in peace-building, more transparent ODA policy-making, and greater participation by NGOs and by JICA in that policy process. This article reports the findings and observations of a Visiting Research Fellow at Nagoya University’s Graduate School of International Development. The research drew on documentary study plus in-person interviews with more than two dozen Japanese ODA specialists.},
 pages = {73--91},
 title = {JAPAN’S ODA POLICY : WHERE DOES IT STAND? WHERE IS IT GOING?},
 volume = {22},
 year = {2002}
}