@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005289,
 author = {Hayakawa, N. and Sakakibara, H. and Goshima, H. and Hikita, M. and Okubo, H.},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation [see also IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation]},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {We investigated the area and volume effects on the breakdown strength in liquid nitrogen (LN_2) to discuss breakdown mechanism in cryogenic liquids for superconducting power apparatus. We measured breakdown voltages in LN_2 with and without thermal bubbles over a very wide range of the electrode size. Experimental results revealed that breakdown mechanism changed from area dominant to volume effective region at the larger electrode configurations LN_2. Moreover, we discussed the contribution rate of area and volume effects appeared in breakdown characteristics in LN_2 under thermal bubble condition, as a phenomenon peculiar to cryogenic liquids. Consequently, we pointed out that it is very important to consider both thermal bubbles and electrode surface condition for HV insulation of superconducting power appartus.},
 pages = {127--134},
 title = {Breakdown mechanism of liquid nitrogen viewed from area and volume effects},
 volume = {4},
 year = {1997}
}