@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005414,
 author = {Hasegawa, Hiroki and Irie, Shinsuke and Usami, Shunsuke and Ohsawa, Yukiharu},
 issue = {6},
 journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
 month = {Jun},
 note = {Waves propagating perpendicular to a magnetic field in a plasma consisting of electrons, positrons, and ions are studied theoretically and numerically. In a three component plasma, there appears a frequency domain in which the magnetosonic waves cannot propagate; thus, we have two separate modes below the electron cyclotron frequency. Their dispersion relations are discussed. Then, Korteweg–de Vries equations are derived for these modes. A solitary wave of the low-frequency mode has a soliton width 1 – 10^3 times as large as the electron skin depth and has an electric potential 1 – 10^2 times as large as that in an electron–ion plasma; both of them increase with decreasing ion density. A solitary wave of the high-frequency mode has a soliton width of the order of the electron skin depth and has negligibly small electric potential. Three-fluid simulations show that the low-frequency mode solitary pulse can emit high-frequency mode solitons, if the amplitude of the original pulse is large and the ion density is low.},
 pages = {2549--2561},
 title = {Perpendicular nonlinear waves in an electron–positron–ion plasma},
 volume = {9},
 year = {2002}
}