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\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u3082\u3068\u306b\u3001\u8449\u5c64\u9593\u3067\u3044\u304b\u306a\u308b\u751f\u7269\u7684\u306a\u5c5e\u6027\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8003\u5bdf\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001PCM\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8abf\u67fb\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u751f\u7523\u69cb\u9020\u56f3\u3068\u304c\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u7d50\u3073\u4ed8\u304f\u70b9\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3001PCM\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u68ee\u6797\u8abf\u67fb\u6cd5\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u3002Three-dimensional structure of leaf layers and leaf survival strategies in the layers were investigated in a mixed broad-leaved forest to clarify ecology of the tree species with special reference to their crown structure and their internal light environment. The study was conducted in an experimental plot in a secondary forest (the forest of Hikami Anego Shrine ; about 45 years old as of 1990) in Nagoya City, Japan. (1) Leaf-fall rate of a species increased with increasing mean tree size. Mean relative growth rate of basal area of a species was less correlated with mean tree size, and more with leaf-fall rate per unit basal area. Hence, concerning deciduous species, it is inferred that species mean relative growth rate of basal area increases with increasing leaf biomass per unit basal area. This explains why Rhus succedanea, which was most dominant in the canopy layer, had extremely small value of the mean relative growth rate.  (2) The probe cylinder method (PCM) was devised to know the three-dimensional structure of crowns in the forest. In this method, three-dimensional locations of the leaf layers were investigated by measuring their heights above each grid point (intersections of grid lines with 2-m sides) on the ground. The first leaf layer was defined to be the highest (i.e. uncovered) leaf layer above each grid point, and the second and the third leaf layers to be the lower ones below. The method also enabled us to estimate crown volumes (volumes of the spaces occupied by foliage on unit land area basis) and vertical changes in the ratio of spatial occupation by crowns (the volume of the space occupied by crowns per unit volume of space) for each species and for each leaf layer. (3) The first leaf layer mainly was composed of the crowns of deciduous broad-leaved species, whereas the second and the third ones were composed of evergreen broad-leaved species. The leaf layers changed in height from place to place, so that different leaf layers occurred at the same height above different grid points. (4) Mean vertical depths of the leaf layers were about 2 m. Mean cumulative crown depth above a grid point was 3.7 m, with an upper limit of 6 m. The ratios of spatial occupation by the crowns of the first leaf layer and the second one were highest at 10 to 11 m and 6 to 7 m above ground, respectively. (5) Species mean vertical crown depths were between 1 to 2 m for most of the species, so that the crown volume per unit land area of a species was large when horizontal extension of crowns, or coverage, was large. (6) Isoclines of relative illuminance undulated according to the location of the leaf layers in forest profiles. The relative illuminances rapidly decreased inside the leaf layers. Relative illuminance of about 0.1 (10%) was a general boundary between the first leaf layer and the second one. (7) The species in the forest were classified into two categories according to the light environments of their crowns ; the sunlit species, more than 70% of whose crowns (in volume) occurring under conditions of relative illuminance more than 10%, and the shaded species, more than 70% of whose crowns occurring under conditions of relative illuminance less than 10%. Crowns of the sunlit species and the shaded ones mainly constructed the first leaf layer and the second one, respectively. (8) Total crown volumes of species were strongly correlated with the total basal areas and their growth rates, and the power equations representing the regressional relationships significantly differed between the sunlit species and the shaded ones. The total basal areas and their growth rates were larger in the sunlit species than in the shaded ones, or in the species under lighter environment, for a given crown volume. These results suggest the importance of the volume of the crowns and their light environments to the basal area growth rates. (9) Since the crown volume of a species corresponds to coverage (5), crown volume ratio (i.e. mean crown volume per unit basal area of a species) is regarded as a parameter showing a tree-shape. The shaded species had larger crown volume ratios than the sunlit species, suggesting that the shaded species had wider crowns on unit basal area basis than the sunlit ones. (10) As in the case of the total crown volume, total crown projection area of a species also was strongly correlated with the total basal area and its growth rate, and the regression equations were significantly different between the sunlit species and the shaded ones. (11) In the experimental plot, three strata were recognized in the M-w diagram, and two large strata were recognized in the H-H_B diagram. From the viewpoint of both the component species and the vertical locations of the crowns composing the strata, the leaf  layers by the PCM corresponded with the strata by the H-H_B diagram, but not always with the strata by the M-w diagram. This result is largely due to the differences in key factors for stratifying the forest among the methods; in the H-H_B diagram, the key to determine the stratum to which a species belonged was the height of the lowest live leaf of each individual tree, while in the case of the M-w diagram, tree heights were the key factor. (12) Leaf life-spans of the deciduous species, which occupied 58% of the total crown volume of the first leaf layer, were less than nine months. Even an evergreen species of Castanopsis cuspidata replaced at least 80% of the total leaves within about a year in the first leaf layer. On the other hand, in the second and the third leaf layers, leaves of most species had mean life-spans between two and four years. Eurya japonica, the most dominant evergreen species in the second leaf layer, had the mean leaf life-span of 2.4 years. These results suggest a tendency that life-spans of leaves become longer in the lower leaf layers, or as the light environment of the foliage becomes darker. (13) Deciduous leaves developed from April to May, and most of them fell off between October to December excepting the leaves (leaflets) of R. succedanea. The leaves of the R. succedanea, which was most dominant in the forest, started falling just after finishing developing leaves. Its leaf-fall rate temporarily peaked in August, and the leaf-fall finished in November. Mean relative illuminance over the second leaf layer changed seasonally in accordance with the development and fall of the deciduous leaves in the first leaf layer; The mean relative illuminance over the second leaf layer was about 10% from May to October, then rose to about 50% in winter. (14) The evergreen species, which generally constructed the second leaf layer, developed new leaves from April to June while they shed their old leaves in the same period. Hence the ratio of the mean relative illuminance over the second leaf layer to that at the forest floor (2-m height above ground) did not change throughout a year. (15) Concerning evergreen species, cohorts of the leaves of some species showed high mortality rates at the end of the duration of the cohort, whereas those of the other species showed high rates at the beginning or the mid of the duration. It is supposed that the leaves of the latter species have shorter mean life-spans and smaller accumulations of leaves than the former, provided both types of the species have similar maximum leaf longevities and annual leaf production rates. (16) Differences in biological attributes among the leaf layers were discussed based on the results of this study. It was pointed out that the results by the PCM can theoretically be combined with the concept of the production structure diagram, and the possibility of the PCM as a new method to analyze a forest structure was discussed.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_9_description_5":{"attribute_name":"\u5185\u5bb9\u8a18\u8ff0","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"\u8fb2\u6797\u6c34\u7523\u7814\u7a76\u60c5\u5831\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305fPDF\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_9_identifier_60":{"attribute_name":"URI","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_type":"HDL","subitem_identifier_uri":"http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8696"}]},"item_9_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID\u767b\u9332","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.18999/bulnuf.12.31","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_9_publisher_32":{"attribute_name":"\u51fa\u7248\u8005","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"\u540d\u53e4\u5c4b\u5927\u5b66\u8fb2\u5b66\u90e8\u4ed8\u5c5e\u6f14\u7fd2\u6797"}]},"item_9_relation_43":{"attribute_name":"\u7570\u7248\u3067\u3042\u308b","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_relation_type":"isVersionOf","subitem_relation_type_id":{"subitem_relation_type_id_text":"http://rms1.agsearch.agropedia.affrc.go.jp/contents/JASI/pdf/academy/56-1669.pdf","subitem_relation_type_select":"URI"}}]},"item_9_select_15":{"attribute_name":"\u8457\u8005\u7248\u30d5\u30e9\u30b0","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_select_item":"publisher"}]},"item_9_source_id_7":{"attribute_name":"ISSN\uff08print\uff09","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0469-4708","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_9_text_14":{"attribute_name":"\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30c3\u30c8","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"application/pdf"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"\u8457\u8005","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"\u9685\u7530, \u660e\u6d0b"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"18903","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"SUMIDA, Akihiro"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"18904","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u60c5\u5831","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2018-02-19"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"bulnuf_12_31.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"14.2 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"bulnuf_12_31.pdf","url":"https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/7024/files/bulnuf_12_31.pdf"},"version_id":"a2d7e374-6a49-4968-abd1-0f62753193f9"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"\u8a00\u8a9e","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"\u8cc7\u6e90\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"\u4e8c\u6b21\u6797\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89e3\u6790","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"\u4e8c\u6b21\u6797\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89e3\u6790"}]},"item_type_id":"9","owner":"1","path":["643/835/863/869"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"\u516c\u958b\u65e5","attribute_value":"2007-08-27"},"publish_date":"2007-08-27","publish_status":"0","recid":"7024","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["\u4e8c\u6b21\u6797\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89e3\u6790"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":3},"updated":"2021-03-01T12:34:19.991955+00:00"}