@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00007248,
 author = {YAMANE, Tsuneo},
 journal = {農学国際協力},
 month = {Jul},
 note = {Lipids (edible fats and oils, phospholipids and glycolipids, etc) are one of major important food resources, in addition to carbohydrate (starch, sugar, etc.) and protein resources. Edible fats and oils are produced mostly from agricultural products such as plant seeds and animals. Animal-derived fats and oils are also utilized as energy sources in human nutrition. Fish oils have some functional fatty acids categorized as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with 5 and 6 unconjugated methene double bonds. Phospholipids are utilized as food and cosmetic emulsifier (pure grade), and animal feed (crude). Enzymes, which are involved as catalysts (biocatalysts) in all metabolisms and biochemical reactions in living cells, are very tightly connected with all life phenomena. Two novel engineering disciplines relating to effective enzyme utilization have emerged in the late 20th century: enzyme engineering and protein engineering. Enzyme engineering is a branch of bioprocess engineering devoted to increasing efficacy of enzyme utilization as biocatalysts for various bioconversions. Protein engineering is one of major branches of biomolecular engineering, aiming at creation of enzymes of better nature through various genetic engineering techniques such as site-directed mutagenesis, error-prone PCR, DNA shuffling, molecular evolution technique, etc. Natural lipids are a mixture of hundreds or thousands of triacylglycerols when looked at from the viewpoint of organic chemistry. Recently, the so-called ‘structured lipids’ have attracted much attention. In the strictest sense, the structured lipids are those having definite chemical structure. From a number of clinical experiments in lipids nutrition science, structured triacylglycerols (sTAG) have been shown to confer various enhanced nutritional values so that they are useful as functional foods or nutritional supplements. Taking advantage of enzyme’s properties, the author and his co-researchers have been studying enzyme engineering for lipids bioconversions for many years. Recent studies showed success in making feasible the industrial production of 1,3-dioctanoyl -2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycerol by the action of immobilized lipases following a two-step process, i.e. ethanolysis of fish oil by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase followed by re-esterification of the resulting 2-monoacylglycerol with n-octanoic acid by immobilized Rhizomuco miehei lipase in neat system. Phosphatidylserine (PS), which is one of structured phospholipids (sPL), is found neither in soy- nor in egg-lecithin, but is contained highly in mammalian cerebral cortex, and is claimed to be effective for Age-Associated Memory Impairment (AAMI). Recently, an efficient high-yield synthesis technique of PS from lecithin by the transphophatidylation action of Streptomyces phospholipase D in non-solvent system has been developed.},
 pages = {61--68},
 title = {Enzyme Engineering for Lipids},
 volume = {4},
 year = {2004}
}