@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00007567,
 author = {Shimada, Kiyoshi and Ha, Yonju and Tsukada, Akira and Saito, Noboru and Maekawa, Shinobu and Nishizuka, Makoto and Imagawa, Masayoshi},
 journal = {Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews},
 month = {},
 note = {This review paper describes (1) establishment of an in vitro method for screening endocrine disrupting chemicals with estrogenic activity and (2) study on effects of nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) on mRNA expression of vitellogenin (VTG) Ⅱ and very low density lipoprotein (apoVLDL) Ⅱ in the liver of quail embryos. For in vitro screening, the cDNA of the ligand binding domain of quail estrogen receptor (ER) α or quail β was ligated into the gluthathione S-transferase expression vector and expressed in E.coli. The fusion protein was used for competitive enzyme immunoassay. Among 20 substances examined, 9 and 5 showed binding to ER α and β, respectively. NP and OP showed the highest binding to ER α, and bisphenol-A to ER β, with binding affinities relative to that of diethylstilbesterol (10^{-9}M order) of 6 ％ and 16.2 ％, respectively. For the in vivo study, quail fertile eggs were treated with a single injection of either NP or OP(10 and 100 nmole/egg, in 20 μl) on day 13 of incubation. VTGⅡ and apo VLDLⅡ mRNA levels on day 15 of incubation were determined by RT-PCR. A weak but distinct expression of VTG Ⅱ and ApoVLDLⅡmRNA was observed after NP and OP. NP and OP could be endocrine disruptors in birds.},
 pages = {19--27},
 title = {In vivo and in vitro screening of endocrine disrupting chemicals with estrogenic activity in Japanese quail},
 volume = {16},
 year = {2005}
}