@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00007609,
 author = {石原, 潤 and ISHIHARA, Hiroshi and 溝口, 常俊 and MIZOGUCHI, Tsunetoshi},
 journal = {名古屋大学文学部研究論集. 史学},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {The authors investigated distribution and characteristics of traditional markets in Sandila Thasil, Hardoi District, Uttar Pradesh, North India. They selected two Development Blocks (Vicas Khand), that is, Sandila and Bharawan Blocks in the Tahsil as their research area. The authors visited almost all of them. They observed the markets, made sketch maps of them, and conducted interviews with manegers or some older persons who were able to provide good informations about the markets. Informations on the historical development of the markets were obtained by one of the authors (H. Ishihara) from old topographic maps, local gazetteers and population censuses.  The main findings are as follows; (1) In the research area, many periodic markets which are held generally twice a week are spatially and temporally distributed fairly uniformly, and a daily market is located in Sandila Town, the headquater of Sandila Tahsil. The density of market distribution is not so high, but the frequency of market days is rather high. (2) From 1904 until 1961 little change happened in number of the markets. in 1960s and 1970s, however, the number increased rapidly, then after that it has been rather decreasing. Meanwhile the frequency of market days has gradually increased. It is supposed that development of market economy and improvement of transportation has influenced these changes. (3) Some markets are owned by private persons and managed by their agents. More markets are, however, owned and managed by public organizations. Small sum of market fees is collected by contractors from each seller at the larger markets. But the facilities of the markets are usually very poor. (4) The pereiodic markets are classified into three groups according to their size, into two groups by their function, and into four groups by the combination of both indicies. In this area, relatively high. The assembling and wholesale functions of the periodic markets are slight, while the Sandila daily market has both function strongly. The periodic markets, however, function as not only economic but also socio-cultural centers for their surrounding areas. (5) In this area, the markets have greater importance than the permanent shops even now. It is supported, however, that the markets have contributed to the development of central places which are mainly composed of the permanent shops.},
 pages = {141--169},
 title = {北インド、ウッタルプラデシ州、サンディラ地域における伝統的市の分布と特性},
 volume = {38},
 year = {1992}
}