@article{oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00008971, author = {Nagao, Shinichi}, issue = {4}, journal = {経済科学}, month = {Mar}, note = {In 1971 Wilbur Samuel Howell depicted the history of a new logic, ‘empirical logic’, in Eighteenth-Century British Logic and Rhetoric. The work is still regarded as a standard account of the development of modern logic in Britain. It says that Locke was stimulated by the emergence of empirical sciences in the ‘scientific revolution’ and gave inspirations to his followers to invent a new logic based on empirical epistemology. Howell wrote that the new school of logic was first established by George Campbell and Dugald Stewart and then revived by J.S.Mill in his A System of Logic. Thomas Reid was given the status of their precursor in his study. The aim of this paper is to point out that the founders of the logic were not Campbell and Stewart, but Thomas Reid and Alexander Gerard. Their surviving lecture notes on logic taught in the middle of the century supply clear evidences that they established a elaborate theory of new logic. When they worked at Aberdeen University, they formulated the system of empirical logic in the context of critic against David Hume and continental philosophies. The theory of evidence described in the books of Campbell and Stewart was at first established by Reid and Gerard. Gerard also explained the logic of scientific discovery in his lectures. Thus the role of Thomas Reid and Alexander Gerard in the history of modern logic must be reconsidered.}, pages = {29--40}, title = {The Establishment of Empirical Logic in 18th century Scottish Moral Philosophy}, volume = {51}, year = {2004} }