{"_buckets": {"deposit": "36f3eb65-8606-45ba-ad2b-f87cd96f1721"}, "_deposit": {"id": "19564", "owners": [], "pid": {"revision_id": 0, "type": "depid", "value": "19564"}, "status": "published"}, "_oai": {"id": "oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00019564"}, "item_9_alternative_title_19": {"attribute_name": "\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_alternative_title": "\u535a\u58eb\u8ab2\u7a0b\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u958b\u767a"}]}, "item_9_biblio_info_6": {"attribute_name": "\u66f8\u8a8c\u60c5\u5831", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"bibliographicIssueDates": {"bibliographicIssueDate": "2015-03", "bibliographicIssueDateType": "Issued"}, "bibliographicPageEnd": "319", "bibliographicPageStart": "285", "bibliographicVolumeNumber": "15", "bibliographic_titles": [{"bibliographic_title": "\u540d\u53e4\u5c4b\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76"}]}]}, "item_9_description_4": {"attribute_name": "\u6284\u9332", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_description": "Today, governments worldwide want world-class research capacities in order to attract investment and create new jobs. In this context, the next generation of researchers needs more than traditional research skills. They need to prepare themselves to work in many sectors of society post\u2012PhD. Therefore, in addition to acquiring traditional research skills, doctoral students also need to formulate clear career goals, be introduced to a variety of academic and non-academic career possibilities, and learn skills needed for managing post-PhD careers. They need to become versatile and equipped with transferable and translational competencies. Sets of workshops or training programs for doctoral students, known as \u201cprofessional development,\u201d are aimed at helping these students transition into professional careers. This article focuses on the development and definitions of professional development in the US, Europe, and Australia, provides existing empirical evidence of the need of such competence training, presents a conceptual approach of integrating the additional skills into current doctoral education, and describes the central role graduate schools can play in such a training component. 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