{"_buckets": {"deposit": "0392784f-cca7-4a2a-84c5-0e5b96a788b2"}, "_deposit": {"id": "28103", "owners": [], "pid": {"revision_id": 0, "type": "depid", "value": "28103"}, "status": "published"}, "_oai": {"id": "oai:nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp:00028103"}, "item_9_alternative_title_19": {"attribute_name": "\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_alternative_title": "Adverbs and Clitics and V2"}]}, "item_9_biblio_info_6": {"attribute_name": "\u66f8\u8a8c\u60c5\u5831", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"bibliographicIssueDates": {"bibliographicIssueDate": "2010-11-30", "bibliographicIssueDateType": "Issued"}, "bibliographicPageEnd": "79", "bibliographicPageStart": "53", "bibliographicVolumeNumber": "43", "bibliographic_titles": [{"bibliographic_title": "IVY"}]}]}, "item_9_description_4": {"attribute_name": "\u6284\u9332", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_description": "The relation between the loss of the Verb-Second Phenomenon (=V2) and the loss of clitics has been studied in a lot of literature, but this relation has never been explained by referring to the relation between clitics and adverbs. Chomsky (1995) and Costa (2004) suggested that there is some relation between objects and adverbs. Therefore, we would like to consider the English change around V2 deeply by exploring the relation between clitics and adverbs. Based on the similar behavior between clitics and adverbs toward the Case Adjacency Effect and the I\u0027-Restriction in Middle English, Abe (2007) suggested that we can explain this similarity by using Chomsky (2001)\u0027s Defective Intervention Convention. Their similar behavior was explained further by the hypothesis that they have a neutral \u03c6-feature in common in Abe (2009). In this paper, we would like to sharpen the idea that was suggested in Abe (2009) and to extend it to include the Verb-Second Phenomenon. Platzack (1995) explained V2 by suggesting that there exists the finite feature [+F] in C, which triggers V2. This creates a structure where a topicalized element comes first at [Spec, CP] and a verb comes second at the head C. If we look at a sentence with a clitic, we notice that its structure is similar to the V2 structure, where a topicalized element comes first and a clitic comes second. This is called the Wackernagel position. Hopper \u0026 Traugott (2003) said that the tendency for the second position reflects the topic-comment structure that they have, that is, the first element (topic) behaves as if it sets the stage for the comment. In view of the similarity between the V2 structure and the Wackernagel position, we will suggest that there also exists the Wackernagel position feature [+W] in C, which triggers a structure where a topic element comes first at [Spec, CP] and a clitic comes second at the head C. If we look over the history of English, Early Middle English (EME) is suggested to observe the Verb-Second Phenomenon. If a clitic appears, it seems to violate V2. However, we suggest that this sentence does not violate V2, because it manifests the double requirement at C by [+F], [+W]. After EME, English loses clitics and V2. If we see these changes from the viewpoint of economy, the losses of V2 and clitics are considered to become more economical. Seeing from the point of grammaticalization based on Roberts and Roussou (2003), they are against grammaticalization, that is, they are considered to be processes of degrammaticalization.", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}]}, "item_9_publisher_32": {"attribute_name": "\u51fa\u7248\u8005", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_publisher": "\u540d\u53e4\u5c4b\u5927\u5b66\u82f1\u6587\u5b66\u4f1a"}]}, "item_9_select_15": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005\u7248\u30d5\u30e9\u30b0", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_select_item": "publisher"}]}, "item_9_source_id_7": {"attribute_name": "ISSN\uff08print\uff09", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "0914-2266", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "ISSN"}]}, "item_creator": {"attribute_name": "\u8457\u8005", "attribute_type": "creator", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "\u963f\u90e8, \u5e78\u4e00"}], "nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "91515", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}]}, {"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "Abe, Koichi"}], "nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "91516", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}]}]}, "item_files": {"attribute_name": "\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u60c5\u5831", "attribute_type": "file", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"accessrole": "open_date", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2019-05-21"}], "displaytype": "detail", "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 0, "filename": "ivy_43_53.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "855.6 kB"}], "format": "application/pdf", "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "licensetype": "license_free", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 855600.0, "url": {"label": "ivy_43_53.pdf", "url": "https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/28103/files/ivy_43_53.pdf"}, "version_id": "8daf2530-31a8-4be7-95a9-ffe9f00dde8b"}]}, "item_language": {"attribute_name": "\u8a00\u8a9e", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_language": "jpn"}]}, "item_resource_type": {"attribute_name": "\u8cc7\u6e90\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"resourcetype": "departmental bulletin paper", "resourceuri": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]}, "item_title": "\u526f\u8a5e\u3068\u63a5\u8a9e\u3068V2\u3068", "item_titles": {"attribute_name": "\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_title": "\u526f\u8a5e\u3068\u63a5\u8a9e\u3068V2\u3068"}]}, "item_type_id": "9", "owner": "1", "path": ["326/521/2321/2408"], "permalink_uri": "http://hdl.handle.net/2237/00030301", "pubdate": {"attribute_name": "\u516c\u958b\u65e5", "attribute_value": "2019-05-21"}, "publish_date": "2019-05-21", "publish_status": "0", "recid": "28103", "relation": {}, "relation_version_is_last": true, "title": ["\u526f\u8a5e\u3068\u63a5\u8a9e\u3068V2\u3068"], "weko_shared_id": 3}